Differences in Thermoregulatory Ability Between Slick-Haired and Wild-Type Lactating Holstein Cows in Response to Acute Heat Stress

Dikmen, Serdal; Álava, Eduardo; Pontes, Eduardo; Fear, Justin M.; Dikmen, Bilgehan Yılmaz; Olson, T.; Hansen, P. J.

doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1072

Cited by 142 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These changes in the behaviors of the H cattle could also be due to interruption of their welfare (Zahner et al, 2004;Cook et al, 2007). Zoa-Mboe et al (1989) and Dikmen et al (2008) have reported that the effects of heat stress are greater at 15:00 h, which might explain the increase in standing behavior of the H cattle at 16:00 h.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of breed in a hot environment on some welfare indicators in feedlot cattle

Dikmen

2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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Heat stress has an important effect on the welfare of livestock and causes significant changes in biological functions. This study was carried out to investigate the behavioral differences of Brown Swiss (BS) and Holstein (H) feedlot cattle reared in a hot environment. All of the cattle were housed in a semi-open feedlot barn. The individual behavioral response variables measured were feeding, drinking, rumination, standing, resting, locomotor activity and elimination (urinating and defecating). For each animal, behavioral observations were recorded at 10 min intervals for 1 h starting at 06:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 20:00 and 23:00 h. The effect of breed, time of the day and hour of observation and the interactions of these factors were included in the model. The data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure in SAS. There were significant interactions between breed and time of observation for rumination (p0.05). BS cattle exhibited more frequent standing behavior at 13:00 h, whereas H cattle exhibited more frequent standing behavior at 16:00 h (p<0.01). The welfare of male H feedlot cattle was concluded to be more affected than that of male BS feedlot cattle when the ambient temperature was high (at 13:00 h).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under heat stress, body temperature regulation varies depending on the breed (Silanikove, 2000;Dikmen et al, 2008). Differences in thermoregulation mechanisms of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle have been observed (Hammond et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of breed in a hot environment on some welfare indicators in feedlot cattle

Dikmen

2013

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…When the farm animals get exposed to environmental stress there are proteins which preferentially get expressed under these conditions like slick hair gene, ATP1B2 and heat shock proteins (HSPs). 22,27,28 During stressed conditions in the cell, HSPs interact with denatured proteins and inhibit the formation of cytotoxic protein aggregates, thereby maintaining the protein homeostasis of a cell. 29 The HSPs are highly conserved proteins which get activated by heat and other stressors and act as molecular chaperons which confer thermotolerance and the ability of the cell to survive injury and oxidative stress whose induction induces thermotolerance.…”

Section: Significance Of Hsp To Livestock Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 The cellular response to thermal stress in mammalian organisms is controlled at the transcription level and it is mediated by a family of heat shock transcription factors (HSF) which are regulated by inducible expression of HSF genes. Different isoforms of HSF are present in different livestock species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress

PR¹

2017

JDVAR

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The present review is an attempt to signify the importance of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation during heat stress. The cellular and molecular responses in livestock are very crucial as it may lead to identification of confirmatory biomarker for heat stress in livestock. Thermo-tolerant gene expression and elevated heat shock protein (HSP) levels are observed to be the ultimate response through which the cell survives the heat stress. The HSPs have chaperonic activity ensuring the folding, unfolding and refolding of stress-denatured proteins. The components of heat shock response include heat shock factors (HSFs), heat shock element (HSE) and HSP. The cellular response to heat stress in mammalian organisms is controlled at the transcription level and it is mediated by a family of HSF which are regulated by the corresponding HSF genes. The activated HSFs bind with the HSE in the promoter region of HSP genes culminating in enhanced transcription of HSP mRNA. The HSP70, HSP90 and HSP27 are the predominant HSPs having protective role during heat stress in farm animals. Among these HSPs studied, HSP70 was identified to be the ideal biological marker for quantifying heat stress in animals.Keywords: heat stress, heat shock factors, heat shock response, hsp70, livestock Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research Review Article Open AccessRole of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation to heat stress the latter as it is harder to find an environment with a single variable changing. However, both these mechanisms are phenotypic responses as it is induced by the environment and the response goes once the stress is removed. It is usually produced to improve the fitness of the animal to the environment. Animals develop specific adaptive mechanisms if the environment stressors are present for a prolonged period. The mechanisms of adaptation include morphological, behavioural, biochemical and physiological changes. Biochemical adaptation to thermal stress involves changes in proteins, membrane lipids and metabolic rate.7 Genetic markers are of prior importance in the recent revolutionary developments in the field of molecular technology because of its viability as the biochemical adaptation can be utilized in livestock breeding programs compared to the behavioral, morphological or physiological responses to stress which is of less relevance. Heat shock protein is an important biomarker produced as cellular and tissue defense mechanism whose expression is markedly increased during heat shock. 8 The present review is an attempt to signify the importance of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation during HS. General cellular responses to heat stressCellular exposure to thermal stress induces a number of anomalies in the functioning of cells which alters the biological molecules, disturbs cell functions, modulates metabolic reactions, induces oxidative cell damage and activates both apoptosis and necrosis pathways, ultimately leading to cell survival, acclimation or cell death depending on the time and...

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“…There is a correlation between body temperature and productivity of beef cattle in the tropics, where, sleek dense coats are associated with lower body temperatures and higher growth rates when compared to deep woolly coated cattle (Findlay 1950;Turner & Schleger 1960;Peters et al 1982). This has been recently demonstrated in dairy cattle by Dikmen et al (2008) who was able to show that slick-haired Holstein cows were able to regulate body temperature more effectively (< 39°C) than wild-type Holstein cows (> 39°C) when exposed to an acute increase in heat stress (THI ranging from 81.4 -84.4).…”

Section: Coat Typementioning

confidence: 94%

Heat load alleviation in beef cattle: water application during continuous high temperature exposure

Tait¹

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The live export industry is an integral part of the Australian cattle industry and makes a significant contribution to the Australian economy. Heat stroke has been a major cause of cattle death on long haul sea voyages and has the potential to threaten the viability and sustainability of cattle exports.To mitigate high heat loads on these voyages, it is necessary to implement cooling strategies to lower the temperature of the microclimate surrounding the cattle. The main cooling method used on live export voyages is high pressure hosing but no research has been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of this or other water application methods. The major focus of this thesis was therefore, to explore heat load mitigation of confined beef cattle. The initial hypothesis was that the application of water onto cattle exposed to a continuous high heat load will reduce the severity of heat stress.As, different breeds of cattle and composites are exported together, the second hypothesis was that different cattle breeds and composites respond differently to heat exposure and to water cooling.Climatic conditions for all three studies were based on the conditions encountered on board a live export vessel travelling from southern Australia to the Middle East (during the northern hemisphere summer). The first study obtained data on changes in the microclimate and responses of Bos taurus cattle (Angus) when water was applied via a hose to cattle maintained in single pens under continuous hot conditions. The results showed that the water application had a positive impact on cattle comfort (respiratory rate reduced by 50 -80 bpm; rectal temperature reduced within an hour after wetting of cattle). The dry-bulb temperature was also reduced following longer duration water applications. The impact of water application on physiological parameters, such as rate of respiration and rectal temperature, was a function of water volume applied and ambient conditions. For all steers mean daily rectal temperatures and respiratory rates were lower (P < 0.01) during thermoneutral conditions than during the 11 days of hot conditions. Four water application methods (hosing, overhead sprinklers, leg sprinklers and misters) were evaluated in the second experiment with the same Bos taurus breed. Volume and frequency of water application was assessed with the cattle were housed in groups (n = 9) on sawdust bedding. Of the four methods evaluated, hosing was the most effective in mitigating the heat load on the cattle. The leg wetting and misting treatments had little to no effect. While not as effective as hosing, overhead sprinklers did afford heat relief and may have advantages for cooling large numbers of cattle at the same time. Bedding had to be removed after it became wet due to increased concentrations of atmospheric ammonia that posed a risk to cattle and human health. IIAs live export ships carry both Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle, the third experiment investigated the effects of high heat load conditions on three breeds of cattle an...

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Differences in Thermoregulatory Ability Between Slick-Haired and Wild-Type Lactating Holstein Cows in Response to Acute Heat Stress

Cited by 142 publications

References 18 publications

The effect of breed in a hot environment on some welfare indicators in feedlot cattle

The effect of breed in a hot environment on some welfare indicators in feedlot cattle

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress

Heat load alleviation in beef cattle: water application during continuous high temperature exposure

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