Differences in the fruit structure and the location and content of bioactive substances in Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana fruits

Abstract

Many Viburnum species are popular ornamental shrubs and, simultaneously, highly valued medicinal plants as a source of many bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. Viburnum bark, flowers, and fruits are widely used in traditional and folk medicine, and the fruits of some species are used as cooking ingredients. The knowledge of the microstructure of Viburnum fruits and the accumulation sites of bioactive substances in these organs is rather poor. Comparative analyses of the microstructure of ripe Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana drupes were carried out using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The location of various groups of metabolites in the fruits of both species was determined with the use of histochemical tests and fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, the major antioxidants, i.e. carotenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids, were quantified and a number of morphometric traits of the drupes were presented. The V. opulus and V. lantana fruits were found to differ in some morphological traits and in many characteristics of the pericarp anatomy and ultrastructure. It was shown that the Viburnum fruits contained lipids and lipid compounds (carotenoids, essential oils, steroids, and saponins), polyphenols (tannins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins), pectins, and proteins. The fruits of V. opulus contained greater quantities of carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, and pectins than the V. lantana drupes, whereas the latter were characterised by higher contents of essential oils, saponins, and proteins. The metabolites were located in different pericarp layers, but the greatest amounts were identified in the drupe skin.

Antioxidant Assay of the Ethanolic Extract of Three Species of Rattan Fruits using DPPH Method

“…Some previous studies showed that the existence of phytochemical compounds in plants are influenced by some factors such as adaption to the environmental factor and the growth of each individual species. According to [11], the distribution of alkaloid content in various species of plant [12] stated that tannins are mostly accumulated in the pericarp and mesocarp of Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana. Moreover, according to [13], there are some factors which influence the composition and distribution of saponins in plants, for example, the protection level against predator attacks and the changes of the environment; the protection on the reproductive organs during the growth of fruit and the formation of tubers.…”

Fruits of new selection forms and varieties of snowball tree for manufacture of products of therapeutic and prophylactic purpose

“…This is very important because the hallmark of modern society is healthy food, the leading role in which belongs to consumption of food rich in vitamins, macro and microelements composition. Such requirements are met by leaves, fruits and seeds of the snowball tree (Karaçelik et al, 2015;Goszcz et al, 2017;Konarska & Domaciuk, 2018;Kozlowska et al, 2018). Studying and conducting comparative assessment of differences in degustation evaluation of fruits of the snowball tree are important for developing features of its processing products.…”

“…Česonienė et al (2010), Shchetilina et al (2016) studied a broad range of biologically active substances, including antioxidants, providing new opportunities of using raw materials from the snowball tree in production of pharmaceuticals. According to the literature data Konarska & Domaciuk (2018), sugars are the main source of energy necessary for different physiological processes in the cell. They determine nutritional characteristics of both fresh fruits of the snowball tree and products of their processing.…”

“…Modern technologies using fruit and berry raw materials make it possible to produce food with sufficiently varied and useful chemical composition (Česonienė et al, 2010;Erdem et al, 2016;Ersoy et al, 2017;Ceylan et al, 2018;Cory et al, 2018;Ecevit-Genç & Yildirim, 2018). Therefore providing the processing, food and pharmaceutical industries with high vitamin raw materials, obtained as a result of creating varieties of fruits with high quality and taste properties, is of high practical and breeding importance (Karaçelik et al, 2015;Goszcz et al, 2017;Konarska & Domaciuk, 2018;Kozlowska et al, 2018).…”

“…Scientists of the Academician Z. О. Mаnіv Department of Economic Theory of the King Danylo Halytsky Ivano-Frankivsk University together with specialists from the food industry and forestry are investigating the prospects for the use of wild fruits, berries and mushrooms in the Prykarpattia region in the production of medical-prophylactic products (Sіzaуа et al, 2017;Moskalets et al, 2019;Polka et al, 2019). The possibility and perspective of using squeezes, powders from the snowball tree in the production of desserts, bakery products, kissels, spices and colourings have been shown repeatedly (Shchetilina et al, 2016;Goszcz et al, 2017;Konarska & Domaciuk, 2018).…”