Differences in the faecal microbiome of non-diarrhoeic clinically healthy dogs and cats associated with Giardia duodenalis infection: impact of hookworms and coccidia

Šlapeta, Jan; Dowd, Scot E.; Alanazi, Abdullah D.; Westman, Mark; Brown, Graeme

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.04.001

Cited by 61 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…In addition, while limited information is available on the relationships between the composition of the gut microbiota and infections by selected species of strongylids (i.e. A. caninum and H. contortus ) [22, 23] and enoplids (i.e. T. suis ) [21], no study, to the best of our knowledge, has analysed the effects of ascarid infections on the make-up of the gut commensal flora of domestic animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…helminths and protozoans) other than T. cati , and/or with clinical signs associated with GI disease (e.g. diarrhoea) or any other disease and/or that had been subjected to antibiotic and/or anthelmintic treatment over the 12 months prior to sampling, were excluded, as these elements may have represented significant confounding factors in our analyses [23]. Thus, the limited number of samples analysed prevents us from drawing conclusions on the effects of T. cati infection on gut microbial richness and diversity; furthermore, the exact burden of T. cati infection in individual cats enrolled in our trial could not be established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, thus far, only a handful of studies have explored the relationships between GI enoplids and strongylids and the commensal gut flora in non-experimental animals. These studies include recent investigations of changes in the composition of the microbiota of the proximal colon of pigs infected with T. suis [21], of the abomasum of goats infected with Haemonchus contortus [22] and of dogs infected with Ancylostoma caninum [23]. However, despite these efforts, knowledge of this area remains fragmentary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminth infections and gut microbiota – a feline perspective

et al. 2016

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BackgroundInvestigations of the relationships between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes are attracting growing interest by the scientific community, driven by the need to better understand the contribution of parasite-associated changes in the composition of the gut flora to both host malnutrition and immune modulation. These studies have however been carried out mainly in humans and experimental animals, while knowledge of the make-up of the gut commensal flora in presence or absence of infection by parasitic nematodes in domestic animals is limited. In this study, we investigate the qualitative and quantitative impact that infections by a widespread parasite of cats (i.e. Toxocara cati) exert on the gut microbiota of feline hosts.MethodsThe faecal microbiota of cats with patent infection by T. cati (= Tc+), as well as that of negative controls (= Tc-) was examined via high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, followed by bioinformatics and biostatistical analyses of sequence data.ResultsA total of 2,325,366 useable high-quality sequences were generated from the faecal samples analysed in this study and subjected to further bioinformatics analyses, which led to the identification of 128 OTUs and nine bacterial phyla, respectively. The phylum Firmicutes was predominant in all samples analysed (mean of 53.0%), followed by the phyla Proteobacteria (13.8%), Actinobacteria (13.7%) and Bacteroidetes (10.1%). Among others, bacteria of the order Lactobacillales, the family Enterococcaceae and genera Enterococcus and Dorea showed a trend towards increased abundance in Tc+ compared with Tc- samples, while no significant differences in OTU richness and diversity were recorded between Tc+ and Tc- samples (P = 0.485 and P = 0.581, respectively). However, Canonical Correlation and Redundancy Analyses were able to separate samples by infection status (P = 0.030 and P = 0.015, respectively), which suggests a correlation between the latter and the composition of the feline faecal microbiota.ConclusionsIn spite of the relatively small number of samples analysed, subtle differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of Tc+ vs Tc- cats could be identified, some of which in accordance with current data from humans and laboratory animal hosts. Nevertheless, the findings from this study contribute valuable knowledge to the yet little explored area of parasite-microbiota interactions in domestic animals.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1908-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Helminth infections and gut microbiota – a feline perspective

et al. 2016

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“…(28,29) Universal primers targeting the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA, 515F and 806R, were used for PCR amplification with HotStarTaq Plus Master Mix Kit (Qiagen). PCR conditions consisted of 94 °C for 3 min, followed by 28 cycles of 94 °C for 30 s, 53 °C for 40 s and 72 °C for 1 min, and a final elongation at 72 °C for 5 min.…”

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confidence: 99%

Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance and Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure

Carey

Zitomer

Hristova

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Triclocarban (TCC) is one of the most abundant organic micropollutants detected in biosolids. Lab-scale anaerobic digesters were amended with TCC at concentrations ranging from the background concentration of seed biosolids (30 mg/kg) to toxic concentrations of 850 mg/kg to determine the effect on methane production, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, and microbial community structure. Additionally, the TCC addition rate was varied to determine the impacts of acclimation time. At environmentally relevant TCC concentrations (max detect = 440 mg/kg), digesters maintained function. Digesters receiving 450 mg/kg of TCC maintained function under gradual TCC addition, but volatile fatty acid concentrations increased, pH decreased, and methane production ceased when immediately fed this concentration. The concentrations of the mexB gene (encoding for a multidrug efflux pump) were higher with all concentrations of TCC compared to a control, but higher TCC concentrations did not correlate with increased mexB abundance. The relative abundance of the gene tet(L) was greater in the digesters that no longer produced methane, and no effect on the relative abundance of the class 1 integron integrase encoding gene (intI1) was observed. Illumina sequencing revealed substantial community shifts in digesters that functionally failed from increased levels of TCC. More subtle, yet significant, community shifts were observed in digesters amended with TCC levels that did not inhibit function. This research demonstrates that TCC can select for a multidrug resistance encoding gene in mixed community anaerobic environments, and this selection occurs at concentrations (30 mg/kg) that can be found in full-scale anaerobic digesters (U.S. median concentration = 22 mg/kg, mean = 39 mg/kg).

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“…Bovine T. foetus infections elicit a parasite-specific antibody response to adhesin and contact-dependent cytotoxicity, and these mechanisms may be hindered in immunosuppressed animals (Tolbert and Gookin, 2016;Voyich et al, 2001). Fluctuations in intestinal microbiota in the weaned kitten, influenced by co-infection of enteric pathogens, may have contributed to the trichomonad disease burden (Gookin et al, 2017;Šlapeta et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulminant Tritrichomonas foetus ‘feline genotype’ infection in a 3-month old kitten associated with viral co-infection

Setyo

Donahoe

Šlapeta

2019

Veterinary Parasitology

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Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellate protist which commonly causes a waxing and waning large bowel diarrhoea in young cats. We report severe T. foetus infection of the colon, cecum and ileum with concurrent feline enteric coronavirus (FCoV) and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) in a 3-month-old Bengal kitten with an 8-day history of vomiting, diarrhoea, failure to thrive and coughing. Protozoa filling the lumen and crypts and occasional invading into lamina propria were identified within the affected colon and confirmed by PCR as T. foetus 'feline genotype'. Assessment of faeces by PCR revealed concurrent infection with FCoV and FPV. It is possible that immunosuppression by FPV played a role in the unprecedented T. foetus infection intensity observed histologically. Studies during and after resolution of FPV infection, will be critical to determine if T. foetus co-infection affects long-term prognosis of FPV survivors. PathologyThe carcase was submitted to the Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services of the University of Sydney for postmortem and histopathological examination. A complete postmortem examination was performed and samples were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathology. Sections (4 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Periodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS), Giemsa stain and Grocott's methenamine silver stain. Molecular diagnosticsA faecal sample was submitted for the IDEXX Feline Diarrhoea

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Differences in the faecal microbiome of non-diarrhoeic clinically healthy dogs and cats associated with Giardia duodenalis infection: impact of hookworms and coccidia

Cited by 61 publications

References 69 publications

Helminth infections and gut microbiota – a feline perspective

Helminth infections and gut microbiota – a feline perspective

Triclocarban Influences Antibiotic Resistance and Alters Anaerobic Digester Microbial Community Structure

Fulminant Tritrichomonas foetus ‘feline genotype’ infection in a 3-month old kitten associated with viral co-infection

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