“…In this study, the choice of the two countries was determined by the fact that until the 19th century, Lithuania and Poland functioned in Europe as The Republic of the Two Nations that had common law, many creators of art, historical and political personalities are considered a common cultural heritage, and before the Soviet occupation, a part of Lithuania was mostly Polish. In addition to the significant role played by Catholicism for a large share of citizens, which is related to civic self-awareness (Müller, 2011), comparing the nearest regions of Poland and Lithuania, Pawlewicz et al (2020) drew attention to the similarities in the socio-economic potential, as it was influenced by similar factors, including socio-economic change that took place in both states in the 1990s and the accession of states to the European Union in 2004. Some studies also show similarities in entrepreneurial problems (Greblikaite et al, 2016), education (Vandenheede et al, 2014) and values, which distinguish Lithuania and Poland from other post-Soviet states (Yen et al, 2020).…”