Differences in the Association of Physical Activity and Children’s Overweight and Obesity Status Among the Major Racial and Ethnic Groups of U.S. Children

Abstract

Objective To examine the relationship of exercise with overweight and obesity among an ethnically diverse sample of U.S. children. Method Data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health were analyzed to examine the relationship of daily exercise with children’s weight status. Propensity score covariate adjustment and multivariate logistic regression with survey weights were used to control for child, home, and community characteristics. Results Approximately 22% of all children ages 10 to 17 years engaged in daily exercise for at least 20 minutes. In the adjusted model for the entire sample, daily exercise was associated with children having a lower likelihood of being overweight or obese (odds ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.68–0.91). In a stratified analysis of the major racial and ethnic groups, however, while White children who exercised daily were found to have a lower odds of being overweight or obese (odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.82), this relationship was not found for most minority children. Conclusions Racial and ethnic minority children were not found to have the same weight status relationship with exercising daily. These findings suggest that some population-average exercise recommendations may not be as applicable to minority children.

Morphological indicators of physical activity in modern student youth

“…Îöåíêà ôàêòîðíîé ñòðóêòóðû ïîêàçàòåëåé áûëà îñóùåñòâëåíà â ðàìêàõ ïðåäïîëîaeåíèÿ î òîì, ÷òî ïðèíöèïèàëüíîãî ðàçëè÷èÿ â ñòðóêòóðå òàêèõ ñâÿçåé ìåaeäó ýòíè÷åñêèìè êîãîðòàìè â ïðåäåëàõ îäíîé áîëüøîé ðàñû áûòü íå äîëaeíî. Ñîãëàñíî ëèòåðàòóðíûì èñòî÷íèêàì, ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ðàçíûõ áîëüøèõ ðàñ ìîãóò îòâå÷àòü íà ñïîðòèâíóþ íàãðóçêó îòëè÷àþùèìèñÿ ïî ñâîåé èíòåíñèâíîñòè èçìåíåíèÿìè ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòàòóñà [White, Jago, 2012;Guerrero et al, 2017]. ×òî êàñàåòñÿ ýòíè÷åñêèõ ðàçëè÷èé, òî çäåñü èíôîðìàöèÿ îêàçûâàåòñÿ íåïîëíîé: íåêîòîðûå èññëåäîâàòåëè óêàçûâàþò íà îòñóòñòâèå âëèÿíèÿ ýòíè÷åñêîãî ôàêòîðà íà ïàðàìåòðû îáåçaeèðåííîé ìàññû òåëà [Lee et al, 2014] è ñòåïåíü ðàçâèòèÿ âèñöåðàëüíîãî aeèðà [Cameron et al, 2017].…”

“…Ãîäèíà ñ ñîàâòîðàìè ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì îáñëåäîâàíèÿ øêîëüíèêîâ òàêaeå óêàçûâàëà íà òî, ÷òî óìåðåííûå ôèçè÷åñêèå íàãðóçêè ïðèâîäÿò ê çàìåòíûì èçìåíåíèÿì aeèðîâîé è àêòèâíîé êëåòî÷íîé ìàññû ó þíîøåé, íî ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå âëèÿþò íà ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå ïîêàçàòåëè â ãðóïïå äåâóøåê. Äëÿ äîñòèaeåíèÿ çàìåòíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ äåâóøêàì íåîáõîäèìû áîëåå èíòåíñèâíûå òðåíèðîâêè: ó ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ñïîðòñìåíîê óìåíüøåíèå aeèðîâîé ìàññû è íàêîïëåíèå ñêåëåòíî-ìûøå÷íîé ïðîèñõîäèò áîëåå çàìåòíî [Godina et al, 2007].…”

Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Non-School Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Adiposity among Boys and Girls: An Isotemporal Substitution Approach

“…Age in years was calculated based on the time between date of birth and the date of their baseline and 30-month visit. These covariates were selected due to their evidence of confounding activity–adiposity associations [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…The corresponding coefficients represent the association of replacing the activity removed with the other activity, while keeping all other variables constant [ 15 ]. Cross-sectional models were adjusted for total wear-time and the a priori covariates mentioned above [ 15 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Similar to cross-sectional models, additional longitudinal isotemporal substitution models estimating the associations between 15 min activity substitutions and adiposity were conducted (see Supplementary Table S1c,d ). Longitudinal models were adjusted for a priori covariates [ 29 , 30 ] and additionally adjusted for activity levels and accelerometer wear-time at baseline. In order to satisfy the model assumption of homoscedasticity, log BMI was used in cross-sectional and longitudinal models.…”