Differences in the Association between Alcohol Consumption and Blood Pressure by Age, Gender, and Smoking

Leer, E.M. van; Seidell, Jacob C.; Kromhout, Daan

doi:10.1097/00001648-199411000-00004

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…A study of 900 young adults 8 demonstrated positive correlations between BP and both weight and height at age 18, but failed to demonstrate the previously described 5 inverse relationship between birthweight and BP. A follow-up of 134 infants until adulthood 7 found that systolic BP (SBP) but not diastolic BP (DBP) was dependant on body mass index (BMI) at age 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…One study found that smoking modified the effect of alcohol on BP, the effect of alcohol being more marked in smokers than non-smokers. 18 However, their study of this interaction did not take into account the differences in baseline BP between smokers and non-smokers, and may therefore not represent a real effect. No such effect modification was found in our data (results not shown).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These results are inconsistent with previous research, which indicates a positive linear or J-shaped relationship between alcohol intake and BP. 18,19 Although the observed higher morbidity in later life of teetotallers may be due to a protective effect of alcohol on high BP, an alternative possibility is that it may be due to abstinence in previous alcohol abusers or as a result of behaviour change following diagnosis of disease. 20 In this study alcohol intake was recorded prior to the onset of adult disease and hence confounding due to comorbidity is unlikely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of adolescent blood pressure: findings from the Glasgow University student cohort

et al. 2000

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of adolescent blood pressure: findings from the Glasgow University student cohort

et al. 2000

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“…29,86,87 Cardiovascular Disease. There are no consistent differences between women and men with regard to the relation between alcohol consumption and hypertension, [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] ischemic heart disease, 58,64,65,67,96 or stroke. 57,65,[69][70][71] Hypertension.…”

Section: Medical Risks Of Drinking For Women Compared With Menmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although men may be slightly more susceptible to the hypertensive effects of alcohol than women, 97 blood pressures increase in both men and women who consume more than 3 to 4 alcoholic drinks daily. 89,95,98,99 Several large cohort studies have suggested that the risk of hypertension is increased in women who drink as few as 2 drinks a day, 91,97,100,101 with recent intake being more important than average intake. 90,102 The association between alcohol consumption and hypertension might be strongest in older, postmenopausal women, 92,99 particularly those not taking estrogens.…”

Section: Medical Risks Of Drinking For Women Compared With Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical risks for women who drink alcohol

et al. 1998

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OBJECTIVE:To summarize for clinicians recent epidemiologic evidence regarding medical risks of alcohol use for women.METHODS: MEDLINE and PsychINFO, 1990 through 1996, were searched using key words "women" or "woman," and "alcohol." MEDLINE was also searched for other specific topics and authors from 1980 through 1996. Data were extracted and reviewed regarding levels of alcohol consumption associated with mortality, cardiovascular disease, alcoholrelated liver disease, injury, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, fetal alcohol syndrome, spontaneous abortion, infertility, menstrual symptoms, breast cancer, and gynecologic malignancies. Gender-specific data from cohort studies of general population or large clinical samples are primarily reviewed. MAIN RESULTS:Women develop many alcohol-related medical problems at lower levels of consumption than men, probably reflecting women's lower total body water, gender differences in alcohol metabolism, and effects of alcohol on postmenopausal estrogen levels. Mortality and breast cancer are increased in women who report drinking more than two drinks daily. Higher levels of alcohol consumption by women are associated with increased menstrual symptoms, hypertension, and stroke. Women who drink heavily also appear to have increased infertility and spontaneous abortion. Adverse fetal effects occur after variable amounts of alcohol consumption, making any alcohol use during pregnancy potentially harmful. CONCLUSIONS:In general, advising nonpregnant women who drink alcohol to have fewer than two drinks daily is strongly supported by the epidemiologic literature, although specific recommendations for a particular woman should depend on her medical history and risk factors. L ess than three quarters of women in the UnitedStates drink alcohol, and those who do drink consume fewer drinks and less absolute alcohol than men. 1 However, at similar levels of self-reported alcohol consumption, the risk of psychosocial problems or dependence is greater for women than men (for definitions, see Appendix A). [2][3][4][5][6] Women also appear to develop alcohol abuse and dependence after fewer years of drinking than men. 7 Although only 4% to 5% of women in the U.S. general population meet criteria for past-year alcohol abuse or dependence, 8,9 9% of female primary care patients in some studies have reported recent heavy drinking or alcohol-related problems. 10,11 Many heavy drinkers decrease consumption following brief interventions that include explicit advice about safe drinking limits. [12][13][14] In addition, offering feedback about specific risks or consequences of their drinking to patients who drink heavily can help motivate them to decrease alcohol consumption or seek treatment. 15,16 Physicians report they would be more likely to advise patients about safe drinking practices if they were more confident of their knowledge about safe levels of alcohol consumption. 17 Women who drink more than two drinks daily on average, or who frequently drink five or more d...

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