Differences in Stream Water Nitrate Concentrations between a Nitrogen-Saturated Upland Forest and a Downstream Mixed Land Use River Basin

Shinozuka, Ken’ichi; Chiwa, Masaaki; Tayasu, Ichiro; Yoshimizu, Chikage; Otsuki, Kyoichi; Kume, Atsushi

doi:10.3390/hydrology4030043

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…If the precipitation was around 10 mm day −1 , we collected samples after checking the situation of each stream the next day, whether the water level was not lowered (judge based on the wetness of stones in the stream) and the water was not muddy. To learn the spatial distribution of stream chemistries, stream waters are investigated at baseflow condition sometimes (e.g., Konohira et al, 2006; Nishina et al, 2017; Shinozuka et al, 2017). All water samples were transported in the cooler box with frozen refrigerants and stored in the refrigerator at 6°C until analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors regulating stream nitrate concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region encompassing a climatic gradient

Makino

Tokuchi

Komai

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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Though high rates of nitrate (NO 3 À ) leaching from forests are undesirable, the factors significantly regulating stream NO 3 À concentration is not clarified yet. In Japan, not only near metropolitan areas but also the Japan Sea-side area with heavy snowfall is well known for receiving more than 10 kg-N ha À1 year À1 of nitrogen (N) deposition.However, NO 3 À concentration in stream water is relatively low in the Japan Sea-side area compared with its concentration in other areas. We examined important environmental factors regulating stream NO 3 À concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region of Japan, the Kinki region (KIN) including a part of Japan Sea-side (JSK)using Random Forest regression. The amounts of N deposition and precipitation were common regulating factors for stream NO 3 À concentration at baseflow condition. Random forest showed the significant correlation between the factors related to ecosystem N retention and stream NO 3 À concentration at baseflow condition, and it suggests that large N deposited during the growing season was incorporated into the ecosystem in the entire KIN. Heavy rain and snow flush N and wash out N accumulated in the surface soil, causing small N accumulation in forests. Also, large precipitation dilute NO 3 À concentration in baseflows. These things lowered stream NO 3 À concentration at baseflow condition. Especially in JSK, most of N deposed with the heavy snow flushed out during the snowmelt period. We provided the first statistical confirmation using Random Forest regression that N accumulation and cycling in forest ecosystems were related to NO 3 À leaching from forests into streams.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental factors regulating stream nitrate concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region encompassing a climatic gradient

Makino

Tokuchi

Komai

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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“…S1 ). In this region, high levels of NO 3 − leaching from headwater streams are observed 8 , 9 . The mean annual temperature and precipitation are 15.9 °C and 1769 mm over the last 10 years, respectively 38 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic high N deposition has strongly influenced N cycling and may potentially cause N saturation in forested ecosystems, leading to high levels of N leaching from these ecosystems 2 . Extensive studies in Europe 3 , China 4 , North America 5 , and Japan 6 , 7 have shown the major role of atmospheric deposition on elevated nitrate (NO 3 − ) concentrations in stream water from forest ecosystems, contributing to downstream eutrophication 8 , 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low nitrogen retention in a Japanese cedar plantation in a suburban area, western Japan

Yang

Chiwa

2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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This study aimed to evaluate nitrogen (N) leaching from Japanese cedar, the main plantation species in Japan, in response to elevated atmospheric N deposition. N leaching and possible factors, including soil nitrification, tree N uptake, and topographic steepness, were evaluated in mature (64–69 year) Japanese cedar trees planted on steep slopes (25°–40°) and neighboring Japanese oak plantations in suburban forests, which served as reference sites. N fertilization (50 kg N ha−1 year−1 as ammonium nitrate) was conducted to evaluate the response of N leaching to an elevated inorganic N pool in the surface soil. The soil water nitrate (NO3−) concentration below the rooting zone in the Japanese cedar forest (607 ± 59 μmol L−1) was much higher than that in the Japanese oak plantations (8.7 ± 8.1 μmol L−1) and increased immediately after fertilization, indicating high N leaching from the Japanese cedar plantations. The relatively low N uptake by Japanese cedar planted on the steep slopes could be an important contributor to the high N leaching. This study highlights the importance of vegetation composition for managing the water quality in headwater streams from forest ecosystems disturbed by atmospheric N deposition.

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“…Results (figure 10) appeared that concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were above Iraqi standard limiting of drinking water, also, showed a significant differentiation among seasons and among sites, with positive correlation coefficient with temperature and TDS (r=0.99, 0.75) respectively. The high concentrations of NO2 and NO3 could be return to position of stream that passed through agricultural and urban areas [49] with higher possibility to reach fertilizers and nitrogen wastes to the water stream [50].…”

Section: -2-chemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Quality Assessment of AL-Mahawil Stream/Babylon/Iraq Using Canadian Water Quality Index

Hameed Mohammad Al-Dehamee

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This study aimed to know the water quality in Al-Mahawil stream which is a stream from Euphrates River in Babylon governorate by using Canadian water quality index by determining the values of the most important physical and chemical parameters in water stream after taken three study sites along the stream [site 1 (S1), site 2 (S2), site 3 (S3)]. the data was determined seasonally after collection the samples monthly from December 2021 to November 2022. The results first finding out whether the values of these parameters within or above of Iraqi limiting standards of drinking water after that the Canadian water quality index (WQI) has been calculation, then determined if water stream can possibly directly used for drinking purpose or other uses. Generally, results pointed that some of physical and chemicals parameters were in Iraqi permissible limiting of drinking water, while others parameters were above Iraqi limiting standard. Also, the results showed that WQI for Al-Mahawil stream after used all study parameters for calculating was marginal and cannot used directly for drinking purpose. Also, results showed there was a significant differentiation among some parameters with positive correlation coefficients among it.

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Differences in Stream Water Nitrate Concentrations between a Nitrogen-Saturated Upland Forest and a Downstream Mixed Land Use River Basin

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Environmental factors regulating stream nitrate concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region encompassing a climatic gradient

Environmental factors regulating stream nitrate concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region encompassing a climatic gradient

Low nitrogen retention in a Japanese cedar plantation in a suburban area, western Japan

Water Quality Assessment of AL-Mahawil Stream/Babylon/Iraq Using Canadian Water Quality Index

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