Differences in strains of rats during extinction of shuttle box avoidance responding.

Mills, Susan K.; Katzev, Richard D.

doi:10.1037/h0036961

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The same appears true among rats (Benus et al 1987;Dantzer 1989). Rats have also been found to differ in the length of time for which they will persist with a learned avoidance response during extinction (Owen 1963, cited by Mills andKatzev 1974).…”

Section: Sustaining a Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual differences may be qualitative as well as quantitative. For example, some rats Rattus norvegicus (Katzev and Mills 1974;Dantzer et al 1988) and house mice Mus musculus (Benus et al 1990) freeze when given electric shocks, while others attempt to flee. The same is true of rats (Dantzer et al 1988) and tree shrews Tupaia be/anger; (van Hoist 1986(van Hoist , 1989 faced with an aggressive conspecific, and dogs presented with a novel object (Goddard and Beilharz 1986).…”

Section: Responding To Captive Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereotypies and suffering

Mason

1991

Behavioural Processes

227

107

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Stereotypies often develop in environments that independent evidence shows cause poor welfare. Thus the development of stereotypies indicates that well-being has probably been poor, with the animal motivated to show a behaviour pattern that it could not perform normally or to completion. The continued performance of stereotypies may also indicate current suffering. However, an individual or population's degree of stereotypy does not necessarily correspond to the degree to which its well-being or welfare is impaired. This would require individual differences in stereotypy level to be the product of motivational differences and nothing else. In fact, they are also likely to be influenced by an animal's tendency to respond to the eliciting aspects of its environment with active behaviour rather than in a more inactive way. Stereotypy levels are also likely to be influenced by the general propensity of the individual to develop inflexible behavioural routines. Furthermore, as a stereotypy develops and becomes more habit-like it may be performed in circumstances where well-being is not at stake. Thus when comparing animals, lower levels of stereotypy do not necessarily reflect better well-being. General rules about the levels of stereotypy that are deemed "acceptable" from a welfare point of view are of limited use in reducing animal suffering unless they take take these factors into account. There is a great need for more research into the developmental processes responsible for stereotypies.

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Section: Sustaining a Responsementioning

confidence: 99%