Differences in Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions and Estimated Desaturase Activities between Japanese Men with and without Metabolic Syndrome

Maruyama, Chizuko; Yoneyama, Megumi; Suyama, Noriko; Yoshimi, Kasuya; Teramoto, Ai; Sakaki, Yuka; Suto, Yasuyo; Takahashi, Kimio; Araki, Ryosuke; Ishizaka, Yuko; Yamakado, Minoru; Teramoto, Tamio

doi:10.5551/jat.e564

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Figure 1 shows a qualitative comparison between mean serum or plasma polar long chain n-3 PUFA in our study cohort (mean in total serum by weight % (95% CI): 2.15 (2.06, 2.24), and in polar fraction: 3.99 (3.85, 4.13)) versus other diverse non-dialysis and hemodialysis populations published within the last three decades[8-10,18-25]. The spread between populations was wide and encompassed a range between two and twelve mean weight %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Blood Levels of Long-Chain n–3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in US Hemodialysis Patients: Clinical Implications

Friedman

Yu²,

Tabbey

et al. 2012

Am J Nephrol

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Background: Cardioprotective and other clinical benefits of long-chain n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are inversely related to dietary intake and hence blood content. We therefore investigated, in the first study of its kind, the blood content and distribution of these fatty acids in a large representative population of US hemodialysis patients. Methods: Frozen sera were obtained from 400 individuals who were part of a large, contemporary, representative cohort of US incident hemodialysis patients. Long-chain n–3 PUFA were measured in total serum lipids and in the neutral and polar serum fractions using gas chromatography and solid phase extraction techniques. Mean long-chain n–3 PUFA levels were compared to levels in other dialysis and nondialysis populations from published reports. Results: The study population was qualitatively similar to the overall US hemodialysis population in terms of major clinical characteristics. Long-chain n–3 PUFA were present in the serum polar fraction, with essentially none being detected in the neutral fraction (p < 0.0001 for polar vs. neutral fractions for all three long-chain n–3 PUFA). Mean serum long-chain n–3 PUFA levels (weight percent (±SD): total 1.55 ± 0.95, polar 3.99 ± 1.45) were low compared to nondialysis and most other non-US hemodialysis cohorts. Conclusions: While US hemodialysis patients have a blood distribution of long-chain n–3 PUFA that is similar to that in the general population, blood content is among the lowest recorded in the medical literature. This has implications for renal dietary recommendations and makes US patients an ideal group for testing the clinical effects of long-chain n–3 PUFA supplementation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Blood Levels of Long-Chain n–3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in US Hemodialysis Patients: Clinical Implications

Friedman

Yu²,

Tabbey

et al. 2012

Am J Nephrol

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“…The plasma phospholipid fraction was used to obtain the desaturase indices in our study because the turnover of plasma phospholipids is slower than that of plasma triglyceride fatty acids and there is minimal day-to-day variation; however, it is controversial which fraction of desaturase indices is most appropriate to [37][38][39][40] . In conclusion, DHA content in plasma phospholipids had a negative association with SCD indices, which may explain the anti-obesity effect of DHA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid Content in Plasma Phospholipids and Desaturase Indices in Obese Children

Saito

Okada

Abe

et al. 2011

JAT

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Aims:In obesity, fatty acid composition is altered with reduced docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. Desaturating enzymes, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and delta-5 desaturase (D5D) modulate fatty acid composition and are thus associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to identify the relationships among DHA content, desaturase indices and the components of metabolic syndrome in childhood obesity. Methods: Thirty-two obese children (27 male, 5 female) aged 12.0 2.6 years (mean SD), with a relative body weight greater than 120% of the standard weight for sex, age and height, were recruited. Fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography, and the desaturase indices were assessed: SCD (

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“…High levels of the estimated D9D activity were observed in patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity and metabolic syndrome ( 13 , 14 ). D6D activity was also increased in these conditions, while D5D activity was decreased (13)(14)(15). An alteration in the estimated D5D activity was shown to be predictive of the occurrence of metabolic syndrome 20 y later in middle-aged men ( 14 ).…”

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confidence: 89%

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition, Estimated Desaturase Activities, and Intakes of Energy and Nutrient in Japanese Men with Abdominal Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome

Kawashima

Sugawara

Okita

et al. 2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryTo examine predictive factors for abdominal obesity or metabolic syndrome, we investigated the association of plasma fatty acid composition, estimated desaturase activity, and nutrient intakes, with abdominal obesity or metabolic syndrome in Japanese males. Clinical characteristics, the fatty acid composition of plasma cholesteryl esters, and energy and nutrient intakes were analyzed in 3 groups: metabolic syndrome (MS, n ϭ 24), abdominal obesity (OB, n ϭ 43), and control ( n ϭ 27). The estimated desaturase activities were calculated by the ratio of 16:1 n-7/16:0, 18:3 n-6/18:2 n-6, and 20:4 n-6/20:3 n-6 in plasma cholesteryl esters as surrogates of the measure of the delta 9, delta 6, delta 5 desaturase (D9-16D, D6D and D5D) activities, respectively. Plasma fatty acid composition did not differ significantly between the OB group and the control group. The MS group had higher levels of palmitoleic, oleic, and ␥ -linolenic acids, but a lower level of linoleic acid than the control. Stronger D6D activity and weaker D5D activity were observed in the OB group. A higher level of D9-16D activity as well as a higher level of D6D activity and a lower level of D5D activity was observed in the MS group. A logistic regression analysis showed that the low D5D activity and high D9-16D activity were predictive of the development of abdominal obesity from controls (odds ratio ϭ 0.39, p Ͻ 0.05) and metabolic syndrome from abdominal obesity (odds ratio ϭ 2.44, p Ͻ 0.05), respectively. In the multiple linear regression analysis, D5D activity positively correlated with the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In conclusion, the estimated D5D activity was a predictive factor for abdominal obesity and the estimated D9-16D activity was a predictive factor for developing metabolic syndrome from abdominal obesity in Japanese male subjects. Dietary intake of EPA would play an important role in preventing abdominal obesity and the development of metabolic syndrome. Key Words delta 5 desaturase, delta 9 desaturase, dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder that results from abdominal obesity. The syndrome includes insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia ( 1 ), and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes ( 2 ). A high intake of fat, particularly fat rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), influenced obesity, insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic syndrome ( 3 , 4 ). A high intake of carbohydrate also induced insulin resistance, increased serum triacylglycerol concentrations and decreased serum HDL cholesterol levels ( 5 ). Thus, dietary nutrient intake plays an important role in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.The fatty acid composition of cholesteryl esters (CEs) in serum mirrors to a certain extent the dietary fatty acid composition and also reflects endogenous fatty acid metabolism ( 6-9 ). Fatty acid composition is used as an indicator of disease risk, because its alteration has b...

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Differences in Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions and Estimated Desaturase Activities between Japanese Men with and without Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 28 publications

References 37 publications

Low Blood Levels of Long-Chain n–3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in US Hemodialysis Patients: Clinical Implications

Low Blood Levels of Long-Chain n–3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in US Hemodialysis Patients: Clinical Implications

Docosahexaenoic Acid Content in Plasma Phospholipids and Desaturase Indices in Obese Children

Plasma Fatty Acid Composition, Estimated Desaturase Activities, and Intakes of Energy and Nutrient in Japanese Men with Abdominal Obesity or Metabolic Syndrome

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