Differences in sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus in Cd-stressed runner bean plants in relation to their age

Skórzyńska-Polit, Ewa; Baszyński, Tadeusz

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(97)00126-x

Cited by 88 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Symptoms of Cd 2 § stress in economically important crops include yellowing of leaves and reductions in grain yield and seedling mass (Skorzynska-Polit and Baszynski, 1997;Kovac~vi(~ et al, 1999). In our study, the amount of dry mass in leaves was significantly and consistently lower under Cd stress, except at the lowest concentration during the post-flowering stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and anatomical variations ofCajanus cajan (Linn.) huth raised in cadmium-rich soil

et al. 2000

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Different concentrations of cadmium in the growing media affected morphological parameters of Cajanus cajan. Over time, the amount of increase in shoot and root lengths, number of branches and leaves per plant, single and total leaf areas, and dry mass of leaves, was significantly lower for treated plants compared with controls. The root-shoot length ratio, which varied little over time, was relatively low for the treated plants. Although dry mass of both stems and roots increased, the rates were considerably low under Cd stress. The root-shoot dry mass ratio in the controls was highest during flowering and lowest in the post-flowering stage, but continually declined over time for the stressed plants. Compared with the controls, treated plants had fewer pods, with the number decreasing as the Cd concentration increased. Cd content was greater in roots than in stems or leaves, and leaves had greater amounts than did stems at higher doses. For all plants, the width and density of vessel elements and the length of fibers in the wood of stems and roots increased with plant age. However, the rate of increase was generally lower in the treated plants, the difference being more pronounced with higher doses of Cd. This indicated a reduced ascent of sap and, hence, less available water for tissues in treated plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and anatomical variations ofCajanus cajan (Linn.) huth raised in cadmium-rich soil

et al. 2000

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“…Although changes in cell metabolism permit plant to cope with, yet the reduction in plant growth is the primary symptom of metal toxicity. However, response of plants to excess of metals depends on their growth stage (Skórzyńska-Polit and Baszynski 1997). For example, Maksymiec and Baszyński (1996) reported that beans (dicotyledonous plants) and alfalfa (Peralta-Videa et al 2004) were more resistant to heavy metals at the early growth stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants

Shah

Ahmad

Masood

et al. 2010

Plant Adaptation and Phytoremediation

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Although many metal elements are essential for the growth of plants in low concentrations, their excessive amounts in soil above threshold values can result in toxicity. This detrimental effect varies with the nature of an element as well as plant species. Heavy metal toxicity in plants depends on the bioavailability of these elements in soil solution, which is a function of pH, organic matter and cation exchange capacity of the soil. Nonessential metals/metalloids such as Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, As, and Sb are toxic both in their chemically combined or elemental forms, and plants responses to these elements vary across a broad spectrum from tolerance to toxicity. For example, the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in excessive concentrations may replace essential metals in pigments or enzymes disrupting their function and causing oxidative stress. Heavy metal toxicity hinders the growth process of the underground and aboveground plant parts and the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus, which is often correlated with progress in senescence. To avoid the toxicity, plants have developed specific mechanisms by which toxic elements are excluded, retained at root level, or transformed into physiologically tolerant forms. In this chapter, we have discussed the toxic effects of heavy metals on plant growth and their detoxification mechanisms that enable them to tolerate high levels of metals in the soil environment.

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“…Additional difficulty in recognizing the role of LMWOAs in excess of Cu and Cd is the distinct stress response depending on the plant cell age. It is commonly known that plant response to Cd and Cu depends on plant age (Maksymiec and Baszyński 1996a, b;Skórzyńska-Polit and Baszyński 1997;Krupa and Moniak 1998;Dresler and Maksymiec 2013). Previous studies on the age-dependent response of monocotyledon leaf segments to Cd stress showed that Cd reduced photochemical processes more efficiently in older than younger leaf sections (Drą _ zkiewicz et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper

et al. 2014

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Maize seedlings grown in a nutrient solution were treated with Cd (50, 100 lM) or Cu (50, 100 lM). Roots and separated leaf sections (from the youngest--basal, through the middle--mature, to the oldest--apical) were analysed. Shoot and root fresh weight, and root net growth rates were reduced significantly after Cu application in comparison to Cd. Copper (50, 100 lM) and cadmium (100 lM) decreased the sum of chlorophyll and total carotenoid pools mostly in mature and old leaf sections. The concentration of Cu and Cd increased in the old and mature leaf sections. Analysis of organic acids showed that both metals differently influenced the lowmolecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) content in maize leaf sections. In mature sections, the excess Cu increased the succinate and tartrate contents, whereas in the young ones mainly the tartrate level was elevated. Cadmium elevated citrate accumulation in mature and old sections, compared to the control plants. Malate, the main LMWOA in maize leaves, increased only after addition of 100 lM of Cd (mature and old sections) or 50 lM of Cu (old sections). Analysis of LMWOAs in roots showed that the excess of Cd or Cu induced higher accumulation of tartrate and malate and, additionally, copper increased the citrate content.

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Differences in sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus in Cd-stressed runner bean plants in relation to their age

Cited by 88 publications

References 33 publications

Morphological and anatomical variations ofCajanus cajan (Linn.) huth raised in cadmium-rich soil

Morphological and anatomical variations ofCajanus cajan (Linn.) huth raised in cadmium-rich soil

Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants

Accumulation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in roots and leaf segments of Zea mays plants treated with cadmium and copper

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