Differences in sensitivity between earthworms and enchytraeids exposed to two commercial fungicides

Bart, Sylvain; Laurent, Céline; Péry, Alexandre R.R.; Mougin, Christian; Pelosi, Céline

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.052

Cited by 30 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The main characteristics of the soil are loam texture (USDA), OM content 11 %, pHH2O 7.5 and Cutot 25.2 mg.kg -1 . Physicochemical properties of the soil are more described in Bart et al (2017).…”

Section: Study Site and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of two fungicides on enchytraeid and earthworm communities under field conditions

et al. 2018

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Because of the wide use of pesticides in agriculture, there is still a need of higher-tier field studies to assess ecotoxicological effects of commercial formulations on a wider variety of non-target soil organisms such as soil annelids. We here tested the effects of different concentrations of two fungicide formulations, i.e., Cuprafor Micro (composed of 500 g kg copper oxychloride) and Swing Gold (composed of 50 g l epoxiconazole and 133 g l dimoxystrobin) on two families of terrestrial oligochaetes (Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae) after 1 month of exposure. We also assessed the feeding activity of soil organisms using the bait lamina method. Along with the feeding activity, the enchytraeid density, diversity and communities were not different in the control and the contaminated plots. By contrast, epigeic earthworms were absent and earthworm diversity and densities of anecic species decreased significantly in the plots contaminated at ten times the recommended dose of the Swing Gold formulation. The copper fungicide (at 0.75 and 7.5 kg Cu ha) and the treatment with the pesticide mixture (Cuprafor Micro at 0.75 kg Cu ha and Swing Gold at the recommended dose) did not affect Oligochaeta communities compared with the control, except the Shannon index for earthworms in the mixture of both fungicides. Responses of the two annelid families to the tested pesticides were different with higher effects observed on the diversity and the community structure of earthworms compared with enchytraeids. This study allowed detecting early changes on oligochaete populations after pesticide application.

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Section: Study Site and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of two fungicides on enchytraeid and earthworm communities under field conditions

et al. 2018

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“…Copper-based fungicides are widely used in both conventional and organic viticulture systems to combat vine fungal diseases caused by Plasmopara viticola [5]. Copper applied to vines reaches the soil and ground and surface waters by different mechanisms, leading to impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems [6][7][8][9]. However, the assessment of the terrestrial ecotoxicity impact of these emissions in LCA studies is not consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regionalized Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Assessment of Copper-Based Fungicides Applied in Viticulture

Santos

Bulle²,

Levasseur

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Life cycle assessment has been recognized as an important decision-making tool to improve the environmental performance of agricultural systems. Still, there are certain modelling issues related to the assessment of their impacts. The first is linked to the assessment of the metal terrestrial ecotoxicity impact, for which metal speciation in soil is disregarded. In fact, emissions of metals in agricultural systems contribute significantly to the ecotoxic impact, as do copper-based fungicides applied in viticulture to combat downy mildew. Another issue is linked to the ways in which the intrinsic geographical variability of agriculture resulting from the variation of management practices, soil properties, and climate is addressed. The aim of this study is to assess the spatial variability of the terrestrial ecotoxicity impact of copper-based fungicides applied in European vineyards, accounting for both geographical variability in terms of agricultural practice and copper speciation in soil. This first entails the development of regionalized characterization factors (CFs) for the copper used in viticulture and then the application of these CFs to a regionalized life-cycle inventory that considers different management practices, soil properties, and climates in different regions, namely Languedoc-Roussillon (France), Minho (Portugal), Tuscany (Italy), and Galicia (Spain). There are two modelling alternatives to determine metal speciation in terrestrial ecotoxicity: (a) empirical regression models; and (b) WHAM 6.0, the geochemical speciation model applied according to the soil properties of the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Both approaches were used to compute and compare regionalized CFs with each other and with current IMPACT 2002+ CF. The CFs were then aggregated at different spatial resolutions—global, Europe, country, and wine-growing region—to assess the uncertainty related to spatial variability at the different scales and applied in the regionalized case study. The global CF computed for copper terrestrial ecotoxicity is around 3.5 orders of magnitude lower than the one from IMPACT 2002+, demonstrating the impact of including metal speciation. For both methods, an increase in the spatial resolution of the CFs translated into a decrease in the spatial variability of the CFs. With the exception of the aggregated CF for Portugal (Minho) at the country level, all the aggregated CFs derived from empirical regression models are greater than the ones derived from the method based on WHAM 6.0 within a range of 0.2 to 1.2 orders of magnitude. Furthermore, CFs calculated with empirical regression models exhibited a greater spatial variability with respect to the CFs derived from WHAM 6.0. The ranking of the impact scores of the analyzed scenarios was mainly determined by the amount of copper applied in each wine-growing region. However, finer spatial resolutions led to an impact score with lower uncertainty.

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“…2 A). This mortality rate is higher than expected as Bart et al (2017) estimated a LC50 of times the RD after 14 days in the same soil and with the same commercial formulation of fungicide. This could be explained by the incubation temperature which was higher in the present study (18°C, close to the 20 ± 2°C recommended by the ISO 16387, 2014)…”

Section: The Reproduction Testmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The soil was collected from the soil layer 0-20 cm, air-dried, sieved at 2 mm and frozen at -80°C for 48h to exterminate soil macro-meso invertebrates. The main soil physical and chemical properties were as follows (n=7 ± SE): pH: 7.5 ± 0.2, soil bulk density: 1.29; organic matter content: 32.6 ± 1.7 g kg −1 , C/N ratio: 12.7 ± 0.3, sand: 29% ± 1.3, silt: 48% ± 1.5, and clay: 23% ± 0.6 (see Bart et al 2017 for more details).…”

Section: Soil and Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking into account the same soil bulk density as earlier and the main concentration of this pesticide in the top 10 cm of the soil (McDonald et al 2013;Chabauty et al 2016), the Swing ® Gold at the RD was calculated as 1.16 10 −3 mL kg -1 of the dry soil. As Bart et al (2017) estimated a LC50 for this fungicide of 11 times the RD for E. albidus, the following sublethal concentrations were used in both experiments: 1, 3 and 9 times the RD, named as SG1, SG3 and SG9, respectively. The second fungicide was the Cuprafor micro ® (Quimicas del Valles, 50% copper oxychloride) with the French Recommended Dose (RD) at 10 kg ha −1 for potato crops and vineyards (E-phy 2017a).…”

Section: Soil and Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to assess the feeding activity in ecotoxicological laboratory tests using enchytraeids?

Bart

Roudine

Amossé

et al. 2018

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The risk assessment of pesticides on soil fauna is an issue to protect agroecosystem sustainability. Enchytraeids are recognized as relevant soil bioindicators of chemical stress in agroecosystems. In laboratory, the reproduction test was found to be sensitive to reveal chemical impacts on enchytraeids. However, it does not allow to assess the impacts on ecological functions in which enchytraeids are involved. The objectives of this study were (i) to explore the feasibility of the bait-lamina test with enchytraeids under laboratory conditions and (ii) to compare its sensitivity with the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test. We exposed individuals of Enchytraeus albidus to two commercial formulations of fungicides widely used in Europe. The EC50 reproduction for the Swing Gold (50 g L epoxiconazole and 133 g L dimoxystrobin) and the Cuprafor micro (50% copper oxychloride) were respectively estimated at 1.66 ± 0.93 times the recommended dose and > 496 mg kg of copper. However, no impact was found on the feeding activity of enchytraeids. The bait-lamina test thus appeared less sensitive than the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test to the tested fungicides. Despite that, this test which is achievable under laboratory conditions and allows assessing indirect effects of pesticides is quick, cheap, and easy to perform. It would deserve to be used to explore longer-exposure effects through the repeated addition of bait-lamina sticks.

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Differences in sensitivity between earthworms and enchytraeids exposed to two commercial fungicides

Cited by 30 publications

References 63 publications

Short-term effects of two fungicides on enchytraeid and earthworm communities under field conditions

Short-term effects of two fungicides on enchytraeid and earthworm communities under field conditions

Regionalized Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Assessment of Copper-Based Fungicides Applied in Viticulture

How to assess the feeding activity in ecotoxicological laboratory tests using enchytraeids?

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