Differences in risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers

Elfström, K. Miriam; Blomqvist, Jonas; Nilsson, Peter; Hober, Sophia; Pin, Elisa; Månberg, Anna; Pimenoff, Ville N.; Mühr, Laila Sara Arroyo; Lundgren, Kalle Conneryd; Dillner, Joakim

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101518

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…New evidence was consistent with prior updates in finding no consistent association between risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs and age (13 studies [ 6 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 14–17 , 19 , 22–25 ]), sex (13 studies [ 6 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 22–25 ]), or HCW role (15 studies [ 6 , 7 , 11–16 , 19–25 ]) ( Supplement Table 2 ). Also consistent with prior updates, 5 studies done in the United States, Canada, or Ireland found that non-White race (Black, Asian or Asian/Pacific Islander, or combined non-White races) or Hispanic ethnicity was associated with increased risk for infection ( Supplement Table 2 ) ( 6 , 8 , 11 , 15 , 16 ).…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Thirteen new studies reported on the association between exposures and likelihood of infection ( Supplement Table 3 ) ( 6–8 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 23–25 ). Seven studies ( 7 , 8 , 12 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 ) consistently found that exposure to COVID-19 in a household or private setting was associated with increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs (adjusted odds ratios [ORs] ranged from 2.55 to 8.98) ( Supplement Table 3 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Update Alert 10: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers

et al. 2022

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supporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update Alert 10: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers

et al. 2022

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“…The seroprevalence observed in the study (43%) was several times higher than that reported in other countries: 11.2% in Sweden, June 2020 [ 6 ]; 12.2% in Italy, May 2020 [ 7 ]; 3.8% in Atlanta, USA, June 2020 [ 8 ] and USA, May 2020 [ 9 ]; or 4.0% in Denmark, October 2020 [ 10 ]. This situation is not directly related to the incidence in the general population, as in December 2020 (right before our study began) cumulative incidence in Poland was 299 cases per 10,000 population—similar to that in Sweden (313) or in Italy (305), while in the USA it was much higher (494) and for Denmark much lower (189 cases per 10,000 population) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies among HealthCare Workers in University Hospital in Krakow before the Era of Vaccination

Żółtowska

Barańska

Jachowicz

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Knowledge of occupational health is crucial to the safety of healthcare workers in the pandemic period. The aim of our study was the rating of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in connection with selected demographic, social, and organizational factors, as well as the identification of key elements determining the safety of HCWs and patients of the University Hospital in Krakow. Methods: This was a non-interventional, uncontrolled, open, single-center, cross-sectional online survey on the preparedness for the COVID-19 epidemic and the seroprevalence of medical and non-medical HCWs and students. Serum specimens from 1221 persons were tested using an immunoassay analyzer based on the ECLIA technique for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies IgM + IgG. Results: The total seroprevalence was 42.7%. In medical students it was 25.2%, while in physicians it was 43.4% and in nurses/midwives it was 48.1%. Of those who tested positive, 21.5% did not know their serological status. The use of personal protective equipment did not have any significant impact on the result of testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The risk of developing the disease was not influenced by sex, professional work experience, workplace, or intensity of contact with the patient. Among the studied elements, only care of COVID-19 patients significantly increased the risk. The protective factor was starting work between the waves of the epidemic (June–September 2020). Conclusions: PPE is only one element of infection prevention and control—without other components, such as hand hygiene, it can be dangerous and contribute to self-infection. It is also very important to test healthcare workers. Not being aware of the COVID-19 status of HCWs poses a threat to other staff members, as well as patients and the family and friends of the infected. Thus, extreme caution should be applied when employing respirators with exhalation valves during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…It should be noted that our results are focused on non-healthcare participants. It has been considered that the general characteristics of this population were similar to those of non-healthcare workers and that healthcare personnel were at additional risk of COVID-19, especially at the time of the study, and that priority was given in this group to diagnostic testing ( 65 , 66 ). This approach has been taken into account to overcome one of our major limitations, which is not having been able to measure several other exposures of the participants, according to the rigor of compliance with non-pharmacological preventive measures (masks, physical distancing, hand washing, and ventilation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components of the Mediterranean Diet and Risk of COVID-19

et al. 2022

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Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet has been customarily assessed with the Mediterranean diet score (MDS or Trichopolou Index), with values of 0 or 1 assigned to each of the nine elements, and with the use of the sex-specific median as the cutoff. The value of persons whose consumption of the six beneficial items (ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids, vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts, cereal, and fish) is at or above the median and is assigned a value of 1. Otherwise they receive 0 points. For detrimental elements (meats and dairy products) persons whose consumption is below the median are assigned a value of 1. An additional ninth point is assigned to moderate ethanol intake. We assessed the effect of each of the nine components of the MDS (replacing the fats ratio with olive oil, the main source of monounsaturated fats in the Mediterranean diet) on the risk of COVID-19 infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19. From March to December 2020, 9,699 participants of the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort answered a COVID-19 questionnaire. After excluding doctors and nurses, 5,194 participants were included in the main statistical analyses. Among them, we observed 382 cases of COVID-19 based on symptoms and clinical diagnosis; 167 of them with test confirmation. For the two COVID-19 definitions used, we found a significant decrease in risk for a higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.98, p for trend = 0.040; and OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22–0.88, p for trend = 0.020, for test-diagnosed cases). A protective effect was also found for symptomatic COVID-19 (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.41–1.00, p for trend = 0.050). Among the different individual food groups, only the consumption of whole dairy products showed a harmful direct association. The Mediterranean diet as a whole seems more important than each of its components in preventing the infection and symptoms of COVID-19.

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Differences in risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Update Alert 10: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers

Update Alert 10: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers

The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies among HealthCare Workers in University Hospital in Krakow before the Era of Vaccination

Components of the Mediterranean Diet and Risk of COVID-19

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