Differences in retinal shape between East Asian and Caucasian eyes

Verkicharla, Pavan K.; Suheimat, Marwan; Schmid, Katrina L.; Atchison, David A.

doi:10.1111/opo.12359

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A further difference between the current study and the partial coherence interferometry method is that in the latter, race was found to affect shape, with East Asians having steeper retinas than Caucasians with a mean difference in vertex radii of curvature of -0.7 ± 0.5 mm [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…We note that our "partial coherence interferometry" method for estimating retinal shape by combining peripheral axial length measurements with symmetric ocular modelling found meridional differences, with retinas being steeper by about 1.5 mm vertex radius of curvature in the horizontal meridian than in the vertical meridian in an East Asian group, and with the shapes being strongly correlated with peripheral refraction (steeper retinas accompanying higher relative peripheral hyperopia) [23]. A further study with a combined East Asian/Caucasian group found a difference in vertex radius of curvature of 1.2 mm between meridians [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral refraction has different patterns in the horizontal and vertical visual field meridians [24,31,34,35]. For the horizontal field, emmetropes tend to have peripheral myopia, while myopes have reduced myopia in the periphery (termed relative peripheral hyperopia).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retinal shape can be estimated by indirect optical methods that are based on peripheral refraction [11][12][13], partial coherence interferometry [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and optical coherence tomography [25,26]. However such methods rely on assumptions concerning shape and refractive index distribution through the lens and other structures within the eye, in order to convert optical path lengths into geometrical dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional MRI study of the relationship between eye dimensions, retinal shape and myopia

Pope

Verkicharla

Sepehrband

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:We investigated changes in eye dimensions and retinal shape with degree of myopia, gender and race. There were 58 young adult emmetropes and myopes (range -1.25D to −8.25D), with 30 East-Asians (21 female/9 male), 23 Caucasians (16/7) and 5 SouthAsians (1/4). Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was undertaken with a 3.0 Tesla whole-body clinical MRI system using a 4.0 cm receive-only surface coil positioned over the eye. Automated methods determined eye length, width and height, and curve fitting procedures determined asymmetric and symmetric ellipsoid shapes to 75%, 55% and 35% of the retina. With myopia increase, eye dimensions increased in all directions such that increase in length was considerably greater than increases in width and height. Emmetropic retinas were oblate (steepening away from the vertex) but oblateness decreased with the increase in myopia, so that retinas were approximately spherical at 7 to 8D myopia. Asymmetry of eyes about the best fit visual axis was generally small, with small differences between the vertex radii of curvature and between asphericities in the axial and sagittal planes. Females had smaller eyes than males, with overall dimensions being about 0.5mm less for the former. Race appeared not to have a systematic effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Three-dimensional MRI study of the relationship between eye dimensions, retinal shape and myopia

Pope

Verkicharla

Sepehrband

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

Self Cite

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“…A large number of studies involving humans have investigated peripheral refraction, with only a few looking at peripheral refraction and retinal shape in combination. Verkicharla et al reported that peripheral refraction, peripheral eye lengths, and retinal shapes measured from partial coherence interferometry were significantly affected by race, as well as by meridian and refraction. East Asians were found to have steeper retinas and greater relative peripheral hyperopia than Caucasians, with steepness being greater along the horizontal meridian than the vertical meridian.…”

Section: Peripheral Defocusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical mechanisms regulating emmetropisation and refractive errors: evidence from animal models

Chakraborty

Ostrin

Benavente-Perez

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Our current understanding of emmetropisation and myopia development has evolved from decades of work in various animal models, including chicks, non‐human primates, tree shrews, guinea pigs, and mice. Extensive research on optical, biochemical, and environmental mechanisms contributing to refractive error development in animal models has provided insights into eye growth in humans. Importantly, animal models have taught us that eye growth is locally controlled within the eye, and can be influenced by the visual environment. This review will focus on information gained from animal studies regarding the role of optical mechanisms in guiding eye growth, and how these investigations have inspired studies in humans. We will first discuss how researchers came to understand that emmetropisation is guided by visual feedback, and how this can be manipulated by form‐deprivation and lens‐induced defocus to induce refractive errors in animal models. We will then discuss various aspects of accommodation that have been implicated in refractive error development, including accommodative microfluctuations and accommodative lag. Next, the impact of higher order aberrations and peripheral defocus will be discussed. Lastly, recent evidence suggesting that the spectral and temporal properties of light influence eye growth, and how this might be leveraged to treat myopia in children, will be presented. Taken together, these findings from animal models have significantly advanced our knowledge about the optical mechanisms contributing to eye growth in humans, and will continue to contribute to the development of novel and effective treatment options for slowing myopia progression in children.

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