Differences in resting energy expenditure and body composition between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls

Nilsson, Björn M.; Forslund, Anders; Olsson, Roger; Hambræus, Leif; Wiesel, Frits‐Axel

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00700.x

Cited by 30 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Contrary to men, in women schizophrenia had a significant association with lower % body fat, higher fat- free mass, higher muscle mass. In turn, Nilsson et al (2006) found that patients with schizophrenia had higher % body fat and lower fat- free mass than healthy controls [27]. Saarni et al (2009) reported that schizophrenia was significantly associated with a higher % body fat and lower fat- free mass after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral obesity in normal-weight patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBMI (body mass index) can be misleading regarding the level of adiposity in a normal-weight individual. Recently, a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method was developed that can measure body composition variables. The main objectives of this study were to use BIA to compare the body composition variables between chronic non-diabetic schizophrenic patients with normal weight and healthy individuals. The secondary objective was to compare the nutritional pattern of schizophrenia patients with that of matched healthy subjects, and to identify possible relationships between the content of different components of their diet and visceral adiposity.MethodsThe subjects were 52 normal-weight patients (33 males and 19 females) diagnosed with schizophrenia based on the DSM-IV and 45 (23 males and 22 females) BMI- matched controls. The patients had been receiving atypical or typical antipsychotic agents for at least one year before enrollment into the study but continuously for 3 months preceding the study and were psychiatrically stable. Body fat (kg), percent (%) body fat, fat-free mass, VAT (visceral adipose tissue) and SAT (subcutaneous adipose tissue) were measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Daily food rations (DFR) were quantitatively evaluated by a 24-h dietary recall method covering 3 days preceding the examination.ResultsIn normal-weight patients schizophrenia was significantly linked with higher VAT, VAT/SAT ratio and lower fat- free mass. Men had over 5 times and women over 2 times as much VAT as BMI matched groups. In women with schizophrenia and in their controls, the amount of magnesium, niacin and vitamin B6 in their diet inversely correlated with VAT, while in men lower zinc and vitamin C intake was related to higher visceral adiposity.ConclusionsOur study has shown that normal-weight patients with chronic schizophrenia have higher levels of visceral fat (VAT) than controls but similar volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Although no clear conclusion can be made regarding cause-and-effect relationships between the dietary content of food served to our patients and visceral obesity, we suggest that schizophrenia diet should be further investigated as a possible factor related to this type of obesity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral obesity in normal-weight patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other studies [16-18] have compared the body composition of patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. Nilsson et al [16] reported that 28 patients with schizophrenia had higher % body fat and lower fat- free mass than healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nilsson et al [16] reported that 28 patients with schizophrenia had higher % body fat and lower fat- free mass than healthy controls. Satoh et al [17] performed a study involving 80 male schizophrenic patients and 64 healthy male individuals and showed that patients with schizophrenia had higher % body fat than healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition in patients with schizophrenia: Comparison with healthy controls

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRecently, a relationship between obesity and schizophrenia has been reported. Although fat- mass and fat free mass have been shown to be more predictive of health risk than body mass index, there are limited findings about body composition among patients suffering from schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to compare the body composition of schizophrenia patients with that of healthy subjects in Japan.MethodsWe recruited patients (n = 204), aged 41.3 ± 13.8 (mean ± SD) years old with the DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia who were admitted to psychiatric hospital using a cross-sectional design. Subjects' anthropometric measurements including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and medications were also collected. Body fat, percent (%) body fat, fat- free mass, muscle mass, and body water were measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Comparative analysis was performed with schizophrenic subjects and 204 healthy control individuals.ResultsIn a multiple regression model with age, body mass index, and dose in chlorpromazine equivalents, schizophrenia was a significantly linked with more body fat, higher % body fat, lower fat- free mass, lower muscle mass, and lower body water among males. In females, schizophrenia had a significant association with lower % body fat, higher fat- free mass, higher muscle mass, and higher body water.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate gender differences with regard to changes in body composition in association with schizophrenia. These results indicate that intervention programs designed to fight obesity among schizophrenic patients should be individualized according to gender.

show abstract

“…The protective effect of estrogen to bone mass might explain the earlier decline of bone mass among male schizophrenic patients than female ones. Another possible explanation is that secretion of estrogen or leptin from stored bodily fat might protect bone loss in female patients with schizophrenia, as these patients have more body fat [24,25] than the general population. Previous studies [26,27] have additionally shown a relationship between fat mass and bone mineral density among females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of age and disease on bone mass in Japanese patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThere have been a limited number of studies comparing bone mass between patients with schizophrenia and the general population. The aim of this study was to compare the bone mass of schizophrenia patients with that of healthy subjects in Japan.MethodsWe recruited patients (n = 362), aged 48.8 ± 15.4 (mean ± SD) years who were diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV). Bone mass was measured using quantitative ultrasound densitometry of the calcaneus. The osteosono-assessment index (OSI) was calculated as a function of the speed of sound and the transmission index. For comparative analysis, OSI data from 832 adults who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2009 was used as representative of the general community.ResultsMean OSI values among male schizophrenic patients were lower than those in the general population in the case of individuals aged 40 and older. In females, mean OSI values among schizophrenic patients were lower than those in the general community in those aged 60 and older. In an analysis using the general linear model, a significant interaction was observed between subject groups and age in males.ConclusionsOlder schizophrenic patients exhibit lower bone mass than that observed in the general population. Our data also demonstrate gender and group differences among schizophrenic patients and controls with regard to changes in bone mass associated with aging. These results indicate that intervention programs designed to delay or prevent decreased bone mass in schizophrenic patients might be tailored according to gender.

show abstract

Differences in resting energy expenditure and body composition between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls

Abstract: The lowering of REE and body water fractions may suggest a homeostatic aberration in schizophrenia that may be of importance for the understanding of metabolic disturbances observed in the disease.

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Visceral obesity in normal-weight patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia

Visceral obesity in normal-weight patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia

Body composition in patients with schizophrenia: Comparison with healthy controls

Effect of age and disease on bone mass in Japanese patients with schizophrenia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About