“…Finally, an arms race is consistent with the fact that reproducing workers use varying methods to reproduce, even within the same species. Workers have been observed to lay reproductive eggs before the queen would lay her egg in M. fasciata, M. favosa, M. subnitida, M. trinitatis, S. postica and S. barrocoloradensis (Beig et al, 1982;van Buren and Sommeijer, 1992;Inoue et al, 1999, Koedam et al, 1999Chinh et al, 2003). Workers also laid right after queen oviposition while closing a cell in M. subnitida, S. postica and F. schrottkyi (Beig, 1972, Beig do reproduce may be more influenced by variation in factors like costs and benefits.…”