Differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity according to rural–urban residence strata among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: evidence from a cross-sectional national survey

Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul; Gupta, Rajat Das; Day, Brendan; Kibria, Gulam Muhammed Al

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034321

Cited by 38 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Similarly, women whose age group 25-34 years had lower odds of underweight compared to those who have 15-24 years of age. This finding is supported by other studies [33,36,[40][41][42]. The first explanation for this might be different in nutrition requirements.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…According to the 2011 Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS), 27% of childbearing age women had severe or moderate underweight, which is similar to the 2005 DHS data [17]. Small-scale studies in Ethiopia showed that a high number of underweight prevalence among reproductive-age women; which is 47.9% in Tigray [18], 48.6% in Ziway Dugda district [19], 41.1% in Afar [20], and 17.9% in Debretabor [21]. Living in food-insecure households, low consumption of dairy products, have low meal frequency, low education level, unimproved source drinking water, and living in rural residences are responsible for the high levels of women undernutrition [18][19][20]22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Factors associated with chronic energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: An analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data

Dagnew

Asresie

2020

PLoS ONE

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Background Women with chronic-energy malnutrition persists in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. To avert this problem identifying the predictor variables for a high magnitude of underweight is paramount. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with chronic energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods We used the 2016 Ethiopia demographic health survey data. The survey was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was employed to select Participants. A total of 13,451 reproductive-age group women (age 15–49 years and who were not pregnant and < 2 months of postpartum) were included in the analysis. Both descriptive and analytical analyses were performed. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results About 22.6% (95%CI: 21.5%-23.6%) of reproductive-age women were underweight. The magnitude of underweight is highest in the Afar region (39.6%) and lowest in Addis Ababa city administration (13.5%). Women who lived in the rural area (AOR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.19–2.12), those who did not attend formal education (AOR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.01–1.50), unemployed women (AOR = 1.28; 95%CI:1.13–1.44), women who belong to the poorest household wealth index (AOR = 1.42; 95%CI:1.04–1.94), women who were not married (AOR = 1.41; 95%CI: 1.18–2.69), women who lived in Tigray and the pastoral regions have higher odds of underweight. On the other hand, women who lived in southern nations nationalities and people’s region, and women whose age group 25–34 years had lower odds of underweight. Conclusions Chronic-energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women is high in Ethiopia. Improving the food security of rural, never married, and unemployed women would reduce the magnitude of underweight. Moreover, strengthening girls’ education, creating employment opportunities for women, and enhancing household income can further reduce the problem of chronic energy malnutrition.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Factors associated with chronic energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: An analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data

Dagnew

Asresie

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…This finding aligns with previous studies [ 37 , 41 – 43 ]. This is expected as ever married women, compared to unmarried, are more exposed to pregnancy and childbirth that often lead to hastened hormonal or physiological body-weight changes that may lead to overweight [ 26 , 44 ]. Besides, literature has linked the rise in overweight to cultural or social perception about ideal body-weight in many sub-Saharan African countries [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, wealth status usually predicts educational attainment [ 47 ]. It may also impact on employment status, contraceptive use or parity [ 44 ], though these are non-significant risk factors of unhealthy weight after accounting for other variables’ effects in this study. The higher educational level attained may boost employment opportunity and lead to rich wealth status, and consequently influence unhealthy weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel analysis of unhealthy bodyweight among women in Malawi: Does urbanisation matter?

Afolabi

Palamuleni

2021

PLoS ONE

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Background Underweight and overweight constitute unhealthy bodyweight and their coexistence is symptomatic of the dual burden of malnutrition (DBM) of high public health concern in many sub-Saharan Africa countries. Little is known about DBM and its correlates in Malawi, a country undergoing urbanisation. The study examined net effects of urban residence on unhealthy weights amidst individual- and community-level factors among women in Malawi. Methods Data on 7231 women aged 15–49 years nested within 850 communities extracted from 2015–16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey were analysed. Women’s weight status measured by body mass index, operationally categorised as underweight, normal and overweight, was the outcome variable while urban-rural residence was the main explanatory variable. Multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis was employed at 5% significant level; the relative-risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented. Results Urban residents had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight than rural (36.4% vs. 17.2%; p< 0.001) but a -non-significant lower prevalence of underweight (6.2% vs. 7.4%; p = 0.423). Having adjusted for both individual- and community-level covariates, compared to rural, living in urban (aRR = 1.25; CI: 1.02–1.53) accounted for about 25% higher risk of being overweight relative to normal weight. Higher education attainment, being married and belonging to Chewa, Lomwe or Mang’anja ethnic group significantly reduced the risk of being underweight but heightened the risk of being overweight. Being older and living in wealthier households respectively accounted for about 3- and 2-times higher likelihood of being overweight, while breastfeeding (aRR = 0.65; CI: 0.55–0.76) was protective against overweight. Living in communities with higher poverty and higher education levels reduced and increased the risk of being overweight, respectively. Evidence of community’s variability in unhealthy weights was observed in that 11.1% and 3.0% respectively of the variance in the likelihood of being overweight and underweight occurred across communities. Conclusions The study demonstrated association between urban residence and women overweight. Other important associated factors of overweight included breastfeeding, community education- and poverty-level, while education attainment, marital status and ethnicity were associated with the dual unhealthy weight. Thus, both individual- and community-level characteristics are important considerations for policy makers in designing interventions to address DBM in Malawi.

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“…It also varies in different demographic areas within countries and regions [ 11 , 13 ]. Underweight is higher in women residing in rural areas [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Underweight and Its Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Group Women in Ethiopia: Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data

Kassie

Abate

Kassaw

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Background. Underweight is defined as being below the healthy weight range. Underweight in reproductive age group women not only affects women but also increases the risk of an intergenerational cycle of malnutrition and child mortality. Various factors are linked with underweight among women. However, studies on the prevalence of underweight and its associated factors among women are limited in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of underweight and its associated factors among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia. Methods. For this study, data were drawn from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS). From the total, 15,683 women participants of the 2016 EDHS; a subsample of 2,848 participants aged 15–49 years who had a complete response to all variables of interest were selected and utilized for analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software program. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to assess the frequency distribution of underweight and is presented with different sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were applied for analysis. A two-sided p value of less than 0.05 was used to declare a statistically significant association between the independent variables and underweight among women. Results. The prevalence of underweight among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia was 17.6%. The majority, 78.3% of underweight women, were rural dwellers. The odds of being underweight was higher among the young aged women, among those residing in rural areas, in those with higher educational status, and in those who have one or more children. On the other hand, the odds of underweight among respondents living in Benishangul, SNNPR, and Addis Ababa were less compared to those living in Dire Dawa. Similarly, the odds of underweight among participants with a higher level of husband or partner educational status and among those who chew Khat were less compared to their counterparts. Conclusion. Underweight among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia is still a major public health problem, particularly among rural dwellers. Underweight was significantly associated with different sociodemographic variables. Hence, context-based awareness creation programs need to be designed on the prevention methods of underweight in Ethiopia, giving especial emphasis to those residing in rural areas.

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Differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity according to rural–urban residence strata among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh: evidence from a cross-sectional national survey

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Factors associated with chronic energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: An analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data

Factors associated with chronic energy malnutrition among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: An analysis of the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey data

Multilevel analysis of unhealthy bodyweight among women in Malawi: Does urbanisation matter?

Prevalence of Underweight and Its Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Group Women in Ethiopia: Analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data

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