Differences in Plant Type and Reaction to Rust among Several Collections of <i>Panicum Virgatum</i> L.<sup>1</sup>

Cornelius, Donald R.; Johnston, C. O.

doi:10.2134/agronj1941.00021962003300020003x

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…When genetic populations or cultivars of North American prairie species such as switchgrass, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash) are grown north of their area of origin, they are exposed to longer than normal photoperiods for a give date because of latitude. As a result they stay vegetative longer and often produce more biomass than populations or cultivars originating in the evaluation environment (Cornelius and Johnston, 1941;McMillian, 1959McMillian, , 1965Newell, 1968). Populations or cultivars originating from northern latitudes are exposed to a shorter than normal photoperiod when grown in southern latitudes and they will flower early and produce less biomass than in their latitude of origin.…”

Section: B Developmental and Environmental Factors That Affect Herbamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Modification of Herbaceous Plants for Feed and Fuel

Vogel

Jung

2001

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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Abstract:Much of the research on the genetic modification of herbaceous plant cell walls has been conducted to improve the utilization of forages by ruminant livestock. The rumen of these animals is basically an anaerobic fermentation vat in which the microflora break down the complex polysaccharides of plant cell walls into simpler compounds that can be further digested and absorbed by the mammalian digestive system. Research on improving the forage digestibility of switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., and other herbaceous species has demonstrated that genetic improvements can be made in forage quality that can have significant economic value. To meet future energy needs, herbaceous biomass will need to be converted into a liquid fuel, probably ethanol, via conversion technologies still under development. If feedstock quality can be genetically improved, the economics and efficiency of the conversion processes could be significantly enhanced. Improving an agricultural product for improved end product use via genetic modification requires knowledge of desired quality attributes, the relative economic value of the quality parameters in relation to yield, genetic variation for the desired traits, or for molecular breeding, knowledge of genes to suppress or add, and knowledge of any associated negative consequences of genetic manipulation. Because conversion technology is still under development, desirable plant feedstock characteristics have not been completely delineated. Some traits such as cellulose and lignin concentration will undoubtably be important. Once traits that affect biomass feedstock conversion are identified, it will be highly feasible to genetically modify the feedstock quality of herbaceous plants using both conventional and molecular breeding techniques. The use of molecular markers and transformation technology will greatly enhance the capability of breeders to modify the morphologic structure and cell walls of herbaceous species. It will be necessary to monitor gene flow to remnant wild populations of biomass plants and have strategies available to curtail gene flow if it becomes a potential problem. It will also be necessary to monitor plant survival and longterm productivity as affected by these genetic changes to herbaceous species.

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Section: B Developmental and Environmental Factors That Affect Herbamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Modification of Herbaceous Plants for Feed and Fuel

Vogel

Jung

2001

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

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“…Three rust pathogens, P. emaculata, Puccinia graminis, and Uromyces graminicola, are reported on switchgrass [10]. Of these three fungi, P. emaculata is most widely distributed causal agent of rust in switchgrass [11,12,17,18]. Cornelius and Johnston [17] have conducted the earliest studies on switchgrass rust and classified the lowland cultivars as rust resistant and the upland cultivars as rust susceptible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these three fungi, P. emaculata is most widely distributed causal agent of rust in switchgrass [11,12,17,18]. Cornelius and Johnston [17] have conducted the earliest studies on switchgrass rust and classified the lowland cultivars as rust resistant and the upland cultivars as rust susceptible. High incidence of P. emaculata infection was reported in year 2000 and 2001 in cultivated or research fields in Iowa and North Dakota [12,13] and more recently in Arkansas and Tennessee [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Rust Fungus, Puccinia emaculata, and Evaluation of Genetic Variability for Rust Resistance in Switchgrass Populations

Uppalapati¹,

Serba

Ishiga

et al. 2012

Bioenerg. Res.

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Several fungal pathogens have been identified on ornamental and native stands of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Diseases of switchgrass, particularly rust, have been largely neglected and are likely to become the major limiting factor to biomass yield and quality, especially when monocultured over a large acreage. Based on teliospore morphology and internal transcribed spacer-based diagnostic primers, the rust pathogen collected from switchgrass research fields in Oklahoma was identified as Puccinia emaculata. Furthermore, to identify genetically diverse source(s) of rust resistance, several switchgrass genotypes from both upland (cv. 'Summer' and 'Cave-in-Rock') and lowland (cv. 'Alamo' and 'Kanlow') ecotypes were evaluated in Ardmore, Oklahoma during 2008 and 2009 and in growth chamber assays. Field and growth chamber evaluations revealed a high degree of genetic variation within and among switchgrass cultivars. In general, Alamo and Kanlow showed moderate resistance to P. emaculata, while Summer was highly susceptible. Distinct ecotypic variations for reactions to rust were also prevalent with the lowlands maintaining a high level of resistance. These results suggest the potential for improvement of rust resistance via the selection of resistant individuals from currently available cultivars. Further, the selection pressure on the pathogen would also be reduced by employing several rust resistant cultivars in production-scale situations.

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“…Plant populations within an ecosystem often become adapted to their specific latitude via common flowering and maturity characteristics. Populations of a species from different latitudinal zones within an ecoregion can be differentiated by growing the populations in common nurseries located at different latitudes within the ecoregion (Cornelius and Johnston 1941;McMillian 1959McMillian , 1965McMillian and Weiler 1959;Phan and Smith 2000). These differentiated populations can be referred to as ecotypes (Moser and Vogel 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A species within an ecoregion is not genetically uniform in regards to adaptation to the entire ecoregion, but is stratified into a northto-south latitudinal gradient or a high-to-low elevation gradient of ecotypes that are best adapted to their own specific areas of the ecoregion. As an example, when grown in the central Great Plains, switchgrasses (Panicum virgatum L.) from the Dakotas (northern ecotypes) flower and mature early and are short in stature, whereas those from Texas and Oklahoma (southern ecotypes) flower late and are tall (Cornelius and Johnston 1941;McMillian 1959). Moving northern ecotypes south gives them a shorter than normal photoperiod, and they flower early.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Adaptation Regions: Ecological and Climatic Classification of Plant Materials

Vogel¹,

Schmer²,

Mitchell³

2005

REM

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The effective use of plant materials for an array of objectives including conservation, restoration, renovation, landscaping, and bioremediation requires knowledge of the adaptation of each species and, more specifically, knowledge of the adaptation of cultivars, strains, accessions, or ecotypes of a species to specific sites or regions. For agronomic and horticultural plants, specific adaptation information has been and continues to be developed by extensive testing. Rangeland, grassland, park, and restoration project managers often lack the resources to determine adaptation areas for plant materials because of the large number of species that are used and the extensive geographical areas that are serviced. Problems often arise in delineating adaptation areas for plant materials of both native and introduced species. Since ecoregion and plant hardiness zone classification systems integrate many climatic and geographic variables that determine plant adaptation, these 2 systems can be combined to develop Plant Adaptation Regions (PARs). A PAR map of the contiguous United States was developed by merging a widely used ecoregion map with the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone map, and is available in GIS format. Based on their geographic origins and/or test results, plant materials and their general areas of adaptation can be classified using PARs.

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Differences in Plant Type and Reaction to Rust among Several Collections of Panicum Virgatum L.¹

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic Modification of Herbaceous Plants for Feed and Fuel

Genetic Modification of Herbaceous Plants for Feed and Fuel

Characterization of the Rust Fungus, Puccinia emaculata, and Evaluation of Genetic Variability for Rust Resistance in Switchgrass Populations

Plant Adaptation Regions: Ecological and Climatic Classification of Plant Materials

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Differences in Plant Type and Reaction to Rust among Several Collections of Panicum Virgatum L.1

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic Modification of Herbaceous Plants for Feed and Fuel

Genetic Modification of Herbaceous Plants for Feed and Fuel

Characterization of the Rust Fungus, Puccinia emaculata, and Evaluation of Genetic Variability for Rust Resistance in Switchgrass Populations

Plant Adaptation Regions: Ecological and Climatic Classification of Plant Materials

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Differences in Plant Type and Reaction to Rust among Several Collections of Panicum Virgatum L.¹