Differences in perception and reaction of tourist groups to beach marine debris that can influence a loss of tourism revenue in coastal areas

Krelling, Allan Paul; Williams, A. T.; Turra, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.08.021

Cited by 206 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Litter on a beach is a big turn off for locals and visitors alike. At Ponel de Parana, Brazil, beach litter items amounting to 15 items/m 2 can cause an economic loss ranging from US$ 3.2 to 8.5 million, resulting in a forfeiture of tourist income of between 15% to 39% [86]. The cost of Ponel de Parana beach cleaning (mostly state funded) would represent just 6.2% of potential economic losses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain)

et al. 2018

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A coastal scenery assessment was carried out at 50 sites along the 910 km long Andalusia coast (SW Spain) using a checklist of 26 natural and human parameters, parameter weighting matrices, and fuzzy logic. A scenic classification was utilised that can rate sites as Class I (natural areas of great scenic beauty) to Class V (urbanised areas of poor scenic interest), but, for this study, only natural sites of great scenic value were investigated; 41 sites were included in Class I, 9 in Class II and, apart from four, all of the sites were under some feature of protection-managed by the Andalusia Environmental Agency (RENPA, in Spanish). Sites belong to the Natural Park Cabo de Gata-Nijar (24% of sites), the Natural Park of Gibraltar Strait (18%), the Natural Place Acantilado de Maro-Cerro Gordo (12%), and the Natural and National parks of Doñana (8%). Results obtained by means of scenic evaluation constitute a sound scientific basis for any envisaged management plan for investigated coastal areas preservation/conservation and responsible future developments, especially for natural protected areas, which represent the most attractive coastal tourist destinations. With respect to natural parameters, excellent scenic values appeared to be linked to the geological setting and the presence of mountainous landscapes related to the Betic Chain. Human parameters usually show good scores because null or extremely reduced human impacts are recorded, but, at places, conflicts arose between conservation and recreational activities because visitors are often interested in beach activities more so than ecotourism. Low scores of human parameters were often related to litter presence or the unsuitable emplacement of utilities, such as informative panels, litter bins, etc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain)

et al. 2018

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“…While it began as a series of educational and land-management principles released by the US Forest Service, US Bureau of Land Management, and US National Park Service in the 1960s to encourage outdoorsmen to leave the environment as undisturbed as possible (Marion & Reid 2001), Leave No Trace has encouraged a significant increase in protected area visitation, regardless of visitor duration in the area (Taff et al 2014). This increased visitation at cleaner beaches can increase tourism revenue by millions of dollars, offsetting potential increases in municipal costs for waste removal (de Araújo & Costa 2006, McIlgorm et al 2011, Jang et al 2014, Williams et al 2016, Krelling et al 2017. Education about the impacts of human use on sensitive areas can encourage compliance with Leave No Trace principles and reduce human−ecosystem conflicts, including outside of the Leave No Trace area, such as minimized disturbance to wildlife and coastal ecosystems, reduced littering or equipment abandonment resulting in marine debris, and increased participation in environmental cleanups (Zeppel 2008, Lawhon et al 2013, Beeharry et al 2017, Mascovich 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…threatened species conservation, increased tourism revenue, improved beach aesthetics) may increase adoption of positive environmental behaviors (Ockwell et al 2009, Kamrowski et al 2014, Fuentes et al 2016. With time and compliance, fewer enforcement patrols will be needed, limiting the potential deterrent effect of nighttime human activity on sea turtle nesting, reducing coastal zone management costs, and increasing tourism revenue through cleaner beaches (Jacobson & Figueroa Lopez 1994, Ballance et al 2000, de Araújo & Costa 2006, Jang et al 2014, Krelling et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interest in reducing marine debris, and abandoned beach equipment in particular, is growing among both the conservation community and the general public given the breadth of its economic and ecological impacts (Beeharry et al 2017, Löhr et al 2017, Owens 2018). These impacts include lost tourism revenue (Blakemore & Williams 2008, Jang et al 2014, Krelling et al 2017, increased coastal zone management costs (de Araújo & Costa 2006, McIlgorm et al 2011, Oosterhuis et al 2014), entanglement and/or starvation of wildlife (Gall & Thompson 2015, Godoy & Stockin 2018, Lusher et al 2018, and physical damage to the environment (Chiappone et al 2005, Abu-Hilal & Al-Najjar 2009, Richards & Beger 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leave No Trace ordinances for coastal species management: influences on sea turtle nesting success

Ware

Fuentes

2020

Endang. Species. Res.

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Coastal environments provide critical ecosystem services but experience a number of threats including marine debris and abandoned beach equipment. To address this threat, municipalities have begun enacting policy measures such as Leave No Trace ordinances. The impact of these ordinances on coastal species management has not yet been established. To evaluate the effectiveness of Leave No Trace ordinances in coastal species management, sea turtle crawl distribution, nesting success, and the frequency of obstructed crawls pre-and post-ordinance at a loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta nesting beach in Alabama, USA, were compared between 3 treatment groups: (1) Gulf Shores and Orange Beach with new Leave No Trace ordinances enacted in 2016, (2) Fort Morgan with no ordinance, and (3) the Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and Gulf State Park with Leave No Trace ordinances but no resident human population. The ordinance had no significant effect on crawl distribution or nesting success across the study site post-ordinance. However, the frequency of obstructed crawls in populated areas declined by 18.1% with the ordinance. The presence of a resident population was a more significant driver of obstructed crawls than the ordinance, as the Bon Secour NWR and Gulf State Park had fewer obstructed crawls than either populated treatment. With time and increased compliance, Leave No Trace ordinances may have the potential to improve coastal species management and increase coastal ecosystem services through reduced marine debris entanglement and ingestion, reduced physical damage to the environment, and increased tourism revenue and environmental education.

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“…For example, after a heavy rainfall event which resulted in a significant increase in coastal debris loads in South Korea, revenue losses from tourism were estimated at $29-37M USD (Jang et al, 2014). In coastal California, visitors are reported to travel longer distances to avoid beaches with more waste (Leggett et al, 2014), and in Brazil, a recent survey reports that 85% of beachgoers will avoid beaches with high litter loads (>15 pieces per m 2 ) (Krelling et al, 2017). This is also interesting in light of numerous reports (and anecdotal evidence) that beachgoers themselves can be a contributing source of debris (Santos et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governance Solutions to the Tragedy of the Commons That Marine Plastics Have Become

2018

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Plastic pollution has become the new millennium's tragedy of the commons. This is particularly true with the marine debris plastic pollution issue, which has seen significant global interest recently. There is long-standing acknowledgment of the difficulty in managing the commons, with regulations, economic and market based instruments and community-based solutions all having a role to play. We review the global plastic pollution issue in the context of governance and policy, providing examples of successes, opportunities and levers for change. We discuss the role of regulation, public perception and social license to operate (SLO) in managing waste that enters the ocean. We argue that while plastic pollution is a tragedy, there are many opportunities for reduction, management, and changes to the global community's relationship with plastic.

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Differences in perception and reaction of tourist groups to beach marine debris that can influence a loss of tourism revenue in coastal areas

Cited by 206 publications

References 35 publications

Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain)

Management Implications for the Most Attractive Scenic Sites along the Andalusia Coast (SW Spain)

Leave No Trace ordinances for coastal species management: influences on sea turtle nesting success

Governance Solutions to the Tragedy of the Commons That Marine Plastics Have Become

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