Differences in ovarian hormones in relation to parity and time since last birth

Barrett, Emily S.; Parlett, Lauren E.; Windham, Gayle C.; Swan, Shanna H.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.047

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…For this reason, the possibility of reverse causality has complicated attempts to determine whether PFAS may interfere with fecundity, as marked by time to pregnancy (31, 35, 36, 93, 94). In the current study, parity was a potential confounder given that many PFASs are lower in parous women (92) and ovarian hormones may be as well (95-97). At the same time, because concentrations of PFASs are so dependent on parity and breast-feeding history, the relationship between PFASs and ovarian hormones may differ in parous and nulliparous women, with the latter providing a “cleaner” population in which to study the possible effects of PFASs on the ovary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Perfluoroalkyl substances and ovarian hormone concentrations in naturally cycling women

Barrett

Chen

Thurston

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective To examine associations between environmental exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and ovarian hormone concentrations in naturally cycling women. Design Estradiol and progesterone were measured in saliva samples collected daily for a single menstrual cycle and concentrations of PFASs (including perfluoroctane sulfonate [PFOS] and perfluoroctanoic acid [PFOA]) were measured in serum samples collected during the same cycle. Setting Tromsø, Norway. Patients 178 healthy, naturally cycling women, ages 25-35. Intervention None. Main outcome measures(s) Mean follicular estradiol (cycle days −7 to −1, where 0 is the day of ovulation); mean luteal progesterone (cycle days +2 to 10). Results Among nulliparous, but not parous women, PFOS concentrations were inversely associated with estradiol (β=−0.025, 95% CI: −0.043, −0.007) and progesterone (β=−0.027, 95% CI: −0.048, −0.007). Similar, but weaker results were observed for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOSA). No associations were observed between other PFASs (including PFOA) and ovarian steroid concentrations, nor were any associations noted in parous women. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that PFOS and PFOSA may be associated with decreased production of estradiol and progesterone in reproductive age women. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which PFASs affect women's health, and underscore the importance of parity in research on PFASs and women's reproductive health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Perfluoroalkyl substances and ovarian hormone concentrations in naturally cycling women

Barrett

Chen

Thurston

et al. 2015

Fertility and Sterility

Self Cite

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“…Distance from San Borja was also included in models because of the close relationship between distance and phthalate exposure. Parity (nulliparous or parous) was included because as it may be a predictor of sex steroid hormone concentrations (Barrett et al, 2014). Both models were presented (Table 6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicoanthropology: Phthalate exposure in relation to market access in a remote forager-horticulturalist population

Sobolewski

Weiss

Martin

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Phthalates are a class of plasticizing chemicals produced in high volume and widely found in consumer products. Evidence suggests that phthalates may have non-monotonic effects on reproductive hormone activity. With exposure to phthalates virtually ubiquitous among industrialized populations, identifying unexposed and/or minimally exposed human populations is essential for understanding the effects of low level exposures. Our primary objective was to quantify urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in the Tsimane’, a remote population of Bolivian forager-horticulturalists. Our secondary objectives were to determine if phthalate metabolite concentrations vary in relation to access to market goods; and to explore relationships between phthalate and reproductive hormone metabolite concentrations. Given that phthalate exposure is of particular concern during fetal development, we focused on reproductive age women in the current analyses. Phthalate metabolites were assayed in urine samples from 59 naturally cycling, reproductive age Tsimane’ women. Market access was assessed as: (1) distance from residence to the largest nearby town (San Borja, Bolivia) and (2) Spanish fluency. Urinary reproductive hormone metabolite concentrations were quantified using enzyme immunoassays. We fit linear models to examine: (1) predictors of phthalate exposure; and (2) relationships between urinary phthalate and reproductive hormone metabolite concentrations. Eight phthalate metabolites were detectable in at least 75% of samples. Median concentrations were up to an order of magnitude lower than industrialized populations. Proximity to San Borja and Spanish fluency were strong predictors of exposure. In exploratory analyses, the sum of the di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP) and Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were significantly associated with altered concentrations of urinary reproductive hormone metabolites. Remote, subsistence populations, like the Tsimane’, offer a unique window into the health effects of endocrine active compounds because: (1) exposures are low and likely to be first generation; (2) a natural fertility lifestyle allows for exploration of reproductive effects; and (3) ever-increasing globalization will result in increasing exposure in the next decade.

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“…Indeed, the menstrual cycle has been reported to influence cognitive and electrophysiological measures in women as well, such as seizure frequency (Herzog et al, 2014), mental rotation (Hampson et al, 2014; Maki et al, 2002), and fMRI activity patterns (Dietrich et al, 2001; Schöning et al, 2007). However, care needs to be taken in measuring menstrual cycle phase as age (Klein et al, 1996) and parity (Barrett et al, 2014) can affect both the length of menstrual cycle and ovarian hormone levels across each stage.…”

Section: Studying Females: When To Track the Menstrual/estrous Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Why estrogens matter for behavior and brain health

Galea

Frick

Hampson

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

138

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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has required the inclusion of women in clinical studies since 1993, which has enhanced our understanding of how biological sex affects certain medical conditions and allowed the development of sex-specific treatment protocols. However, NIH’s policy did not previously apply to basic research and the NIH recently introduced a new policy requiring all new grant applications to explicitly address sex as a biological variable. The policy itself is grounded in the results of numerous investigations in animals and humans illustrating the existence of sex differences in the brain and behavior, and the importance of sex hormones, particularly estrogens, in regulating physiology and behavior. Here, we review findings from our laboratories and others, demonstrating how estrogens influence brain and behavior in adult females. Research from subjects throughout the adult lifespan on topics ranging from social behavior, learning and memory, to disease risk will be discussed to frame an understanding of why estrogens matter to behavioral neuroscience.

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Differences in ovarian hormones in relation to parity and time since last birth

Cited by 45 publications

References 65 publications

Perfluoroalkyl substances and ovarian hormone concentrations in naturally cycling women

Perfluoroalkyl substances and ovarian hormone concentrations in naturally cycling women

Toxicoanthropology: Phthalate exposure in relation to market access in a remote forager-horticulturalist population

Why estrogens matter for behavior and brain health

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