Differences in modifiable factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the upper and lower of oral fissure

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore differences in the effects of modifiable factors on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurring in the lower oral fissure (LOF) and upper oral fissure (UOF). We conducted a case-control study with 697 OSCC patients (119 UOF and 578 LOF) and 1910 frequency-matched controls in Fujian province, China. Data on demographic characteristics and possible modifiable factors was collected using a structured questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was utilized to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Alcohol drinking was more strongly associated with an increased risk of OSCC-LOF than OSCC-UOF. Tobacco smoking, the number of teeth lost ≥5, wearing denture, and recurrent oral ulceration showed similarly associations with OSCC-LOF and -UOF risk. Similarly, the beneficial effects of tea consumption, tooth-brushing ≥2times per day, high intake of fresh fish, seafood, green-leafy vegetables, other vegetables and fruits were not significantly different on OSCC-LOF and -UOF. Although most of the modifiable factors exert similar effects on both OSCC sites, this study suggests that the sites of oral cavity in LOF may be affected more by alcohol drinking than the sites in UOF. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to confirm our findings.

Tea consumption is associated with decreased risk of oral cancer

“…Finally, according to our inclusive criteria mentioned in Materials and Methods, 14 articles were identified and included in the meta-analysis. [29–42]…”

“…Through eligible literature searching process, 14 case–control studies [29–42] including 5920 patients and 10553 controls were selected. Eight of them were performed in Asia, [29–33,35,38,41] 2 studies were performed in America, [40,42] 3 studies were conducted in Europe, [34,37,39] and 1 study in Africa. [36] Three studies separately reported the mean age of participants <60 or >60 years.…”

“…[36] Three studies separately reported the mean age of participants <60 or >60 years. [30–32] Eight studies used non-drinkers as control group, [29–34,37,42] and 6 studies used lowest drinkers as control group. [35,36,38–41] Four studies investigated the association between the tea intake and the risk of oral cancer in women, [30–32,35] and 3 studies evaluated this association in men.…”

“…[30–33] Seven articles matched the high criteria of NOS, [30–34,37,38] and 7 researches gained low scores. [29,35,36,39–42]…”

“…To determine the dose relationship between tea consumption and oral cancer risk, a dose-response analysis was performed. Eight case–control [29–35,40] were collected to assess the dose relationship between dietary tea consumption and the risk of oral cancer. As shown in Figure 3A, the lowest OR was 0.54 (0.42–0.70) at the highest dose of 8.75 cups/day intake.…”