Differences in Metabolites of Different Tongue Coatings in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Zhao, Yu; Gou, Xin; Dai, Jianye; Peng, Jinghua; Feng, Qin; Sun, Shujun; Cao, Huijuan; Zheng, Ningning; Fang, Juemin; Jiang, Jian; Su, Shi-Bing; Liu, Ping; Hu, Yiyang; Zhang, Yongyu

doi:10.1155/2013/204908

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The TCM ZHENG types were identified by three chief or deputy physicians, according to “evaluation criteria of the clinical diagnosis, drug efficacy, and ZHENG differentiation for cirrhosis (pilot program)” [ 8 ]. All the outpatients were diagnosed by attending TCM physicians at the first time and then identified by three chief TCM physicians, who were consistently diagnosed as DHAS or LDSDS by all of the physicians were enrolled in this study [ 10 , 11 ]. The patients with other hepatotropic virus hepatitis, chronic severe hepatitis, serious primary disease or pregnancy were excluded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of ZHENG differentiation in Hepatitis B-caused cirrhosis: a transcriptional profiling analysis

Chen

Guan

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundIn traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical practice, ZHENG (also known as TCM syndrome) helps to understand the human homeostasis and guide individualized treatment. However, the scientific basis of ZHENG remains unclear due to limitations of current reductionist approaches.MethodsWe collected the leukocyte samples of three hepatitis B-caused cirrhosis (HBC) patients with dampness-heat accumulation syndrome (DHAS) and three HBC patients with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome (LDSDS) for microarray analysis. We generated Gene-Regulatory-Networks (GeneRelNet) from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of microarray date. Core genes were validated using anther independent cohort of 40 HBC patients (20 DHAS, 20 LDSDS) with RT-PCR.ResultsThere were 2457 mapped genes were differentially expressed between DHAS and LDSDS (Fold change ≥ 2.0, P < 0.05). There were markedly different genes co-expression patterns in DHAS and LDSDS. Furthermore, three differential co-expression genes including purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP); aquaporin 7 (AQP7) and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 2 (PSMD2) were screened by GeneRelNets, and their mRNA expressions were further validated by real time RT-PCR. The results were consistent with microarray. The PNP (P = 0.007), AQP7 (P = 0.038) and PSMD2 (P = 0.009) mRNA expression is significant difference between DHAS and LDSDS using the non-parametric test. Furthermore, we constructed an mRNA panel of PNP, AQP7 and PSMD2 (PAP panel) by logistic regression model, and evaluated the PAP panel to distinguish DHAS from LDSDS by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis, which showed a higher accuracy (AUC = 0.835). Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DHAS is most likely related to system process while the functions overrepresented by LDSDS most related to the response to stimulus.ConclusionsThis study suggested that there are particular transcriptional profiles, genes co-expressions patterns and functional properties of DHAS and LDSDS, and PNP, AQP7, and PSMD2 may be involved in ZHENG differentiation of DHAS and LDSDS in HBC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-371) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of ZHENG differentiation in Hepatitis B-caused cirrhosis: a transcriptional profiling analysis

Chen

Guan

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Zhao et al [33] developed a urinary metabonomic method based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to analyze the metabolites of different TCs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. They found that the concentration of D -mannose was significantly increased and propanoic acid, D -gluconic acid, and β- D -glucopyranoside were significantly decreased in the patient group with thick yellow TC compared to healthy humans with a white coating.…”

Section: Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tongue color as a sensitive noninvasive, simple external sign can reflect the occurrence, development, and prognosis of the disease in TCM theory [33,34]; thus, tongue diagnosis is known as one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools in TCM [35]. However, the accuracy of tongue diagnosis has been criticized due to its subjective diagnostic criteria which mainly depend on the empirical judgments made by TCM doctors using their eyes.…”

Section: Close Correlation Between Tongue Coating and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis

et al. 2017

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Tongue diagnosis is one of the most important diagnostic tools in traditional Chinese medicine and has been verified for thousands of years. However, its subjectivity and repeatability has been disputed continuously. The tongue coating as the primary coverage of tongue diagnosis provides more objectivity and reproducibility due to its relatively clear molecular basis; it also has a close relationship with many system diseases and may be used as a potentially valuable disease diagnostic tool. This article describes the material basis of the tongue coating, including its biology (epithelial cells, blood cells, vascular endothelial cells, and bacteria) and its metabolites; moreover, we summarize the diseases that are most correlated with the tongue coating. This will be valuable not only for fundamental research of tongue diagnosis but also for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of disease. We suppose that the tongue coating could serve as a valuable auxiliary diagnosis tool in many diseases, and more research should focus on how to colligate the various information about the tongue and provide useful information for disease diagnosis.

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“…The color and shape of tongue coating may reflect the composition of the bacteria colonizing the tongue dorsum. Several researches have considered the association between tongue coating microbiome and traditional tongue diagnosis [ 26 – 29 ]. Jiang et al investigated 19 gastritis patients with a TCM Cold Syndrome or TCM Hot Syndrome tongue coating and 8 healthy controls by Illumina paired-end, double-barcode 16S rRNA V6 tag sequencing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Bacterial Diversity in the Human Tongue Coating Based on Genus-Specific Primers for 16S rRNA Sequencing

Sun

Zhou

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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The characteristics of tongue coating are very important symbols for disease diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. As a habitat of oral microbiota, bacteria on the tongue dorsum have been proved to be the cause of many oral diseases. The high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been widely applied in the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. We developed a methodology based on genus-specific multiprimer amplification and ligation-based sequencing for microbiota analysis. In order to validate the efficiency of the approach, we thoroughly analyzed six tongue coating samples from lung cancer patients with different TCM types, and more than 600 genera of bacteria were detected by this platform. The results showed that ligation-based parallel sequencing combined with enzyme digestion and multiamplification could expand the effective length of sequencing reads and could be applied in the microbiota analysis.

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Differences in Metabolites of Different Tongue Coatings in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Study of ZHENG differentiation in Hepatitis B-caused cirrhosis: a transcriptional profiling analysis

Study of ZHENG differentiation in Hepatitis B-caused cirrhosis: a transcriptional profiling analysis

Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis

Evaluation of the Bacterial Diversity in the Human Tongue Coating Based on Genus-Specific Primers for 16S rRNA Sequencing

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