Differences in Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell Densities in Inflamed Gingiva from Adults and Young Children

Longhurst, P; Johnson, Newell W.; Hopps, Rosamund M.

doi:10.1902/jop.1977.48.11.705

Cited by 68 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Our findings using enzyme histochemical markers have corroborated and extended the observations of Longhurst et al (1977). Using methyl green-pyronin stain on sections of inflamed gingiva from adults and children, they found that small and medium-sized lymphocytes predominated in the latter group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…It has been suggested (Longhurst et al, 1977) that tbe histological appearance of the tissue of a biopsy taken from a preschool child with gingivitis resembles an -'early lesion" (Page & Schroeder 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proportion of plasma cells appears to increase with increasing severity of inflammation (Lindhe et al 1980). Immunohistochemical studies indicate that there is a gradually increasing proportion of plasma cells producing IgG with increasing severity of the inflammatory changes (Brandtzaeg & Tolo 1977), Longhurst et al, (1977Longhurst et al, ( , 1980 and Seymour et al, (1981) have presented studies based on morphological methods which may indicate that in children, the gingival inflammatory infiltrate contains a higher proportion of lymphocytes than usually seen in CIPD in adults, , on the basis of histochemical and immunofluorescence studies, have presented evidence suggesting that the change from a stable to a destructive lesion may involve a shift from a T cell to a B cell (plasma cell) dominated lesion. However.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The composition of gingival inflammatory cell infiltrates in children studied by enzyme histochemistry

et al. 1992

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Alcoforado GAP, Kristoffersen T. Johannessen AC and Nilsen R. The composition of gingival irtflammatory eell infiltrates in children studied by enzyme histochemistry. J Clin Periodoniol 1990; 17: 335-340. Abstract. Gingival biopsies were obtained from 23 children, aged 5-11 years (8.6+ 1.8 years). Specimens were taken from areas of the gingiva adjacent to the teeth which were to be extracted because of caries or its sequelae and which clinically had a gingival index score of at least 1. Staining for a-naphthyl acetate esterase with unspecific esterase at pH 5.8 (ANAE) permitted identification of T lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages. plasma cells and non-reactive (ANAEnegative) cells. Cells which tentatively were identified as "natural killer" (NK) cells were also observed. Differential cell counting was performed for 10 specimens, selected on the basis of the presence of a well-defined inflammalory infiltrate, clear morphology throughout and good ANAE staining. Cell counts confirmed earlier studies showing that lymphocytes predominate in the inflammatory infiltrates in childrens" gingivitis. T lymphocytas dominated particularly in the periphery of the most densely infiltrated areas. Relatively few plasma cells were seen. It was concluded that T lymphocytes dominate in the inflaimnatory infiltrate in childrens' gingivitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The composition of gingival inflammatory cell infiltrates in children studied by enzyme histochemistry

et al. 1992

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“…A few studies in the past demonstrated that with a similar amount of plaque, healthy children tended to have less gingival inflammation than older individuals [19,20]. Differences in the immunological response to the periodontic pattern of bacterial flora are a possible explanation for this observation [21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacteriology of the Supragingival Plaque of Child Dental Patients in Kuwait

Salako¹,

Rotimi

Preeta³

et al. 2004

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To investigate the bacterial flora of the gingival plaques of pediatric dental patients in order to establish baseline data for future studies on the complex microbiota of the oral cavity of this group of child dental patients. Subjects and Methods: Forty subjects, aged 3–12 years, were enrolled and investigated after informed consent was obtained. During the patients’ first visit to the dental clinic supragingival plaque samples were collected from the gingival area of buccal and lingual tooth surfaces of all primary and permanent molar teeth using sterile curettes. Serially diluted samples were inoculated onto a set of selective and nonselective media and then incubated at the appropriate atmospheric conditions and temperatures. Representative colonies of isolates were identified by standard methods, including hemolytic characteristics on blood agar and profiling on API 20S and API 20A as appropriate. Results: A total of 183 isolates (123 aerobes and 60 anaerobes) were recovered from the 40 patients with a mean count of 3 per sample of aerobes compared to 1.5 per sample for the anaerobes. Streptococcus sanguis was the predominant aerobic species (23.6%) isolated from 29 (72.5%) of the 40 patients, followed by Streptococcus mitis, 19.5 and 60%, Streptococcus salivarius, 17.1 and 52.5% and Streptococcus mutans, 17.1 and 52.5%. The frequency of isolation of anaerobic bacteria was Prevotella spp. 50% from 30 (75%) of the 40 patients, Fusobacterium spp., 18.3 and 27.5%, Bacteroides spp., Porphyromonas spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp., 6.7 and 10%, 6.7 and 10%, and 5 and 7.5%, respectively. Prevotella intermedia was the single most common species. Conclusion: The results show that there were more aerobic/facultative anaerobic bacteria than the obligate anaerobes in the dental plaque of the pediatric dental patients in Kuwait. The high prevalence of the pioneering streptococci as well as black-pigmented Prevotella spp. and Fusobacterium spp. indicates that the dental plaques of the children were in the developing stage, a precursor to the development of periodontal diseases.

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“…These phenotypic studies confirmed the earlier finding that the lesions of adult periodontitis in humans should be considered as B-cell lesions. At this time, indirect evidence existed suggesting that the gingivally confined lesion was, on the other hand, lymphocytic and probably T-cell in nature (Mackler et al, 1977;Longhurst et al, 1977). It was then postulated that the change from a stable to a progressive state was associated with the conversion from a predominately T-cell response to one consisting of large numbers of B-cells (Seymour et al, 1979a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review: Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Immunoregulation of Chronic Inflammatory Periodontal Disease

Seymour

1987

J Dent Res

123

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It is generally agreed that immunological mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease; however, regulation of these mechanisms has hitherto received scant attention. Regulatory networks exist at both a cellular and a molecular level. At the cellular level, the existence of helper (T4-positive) and suppressor (T8-positive) T lymphocytes, the expression of Class II major histocompatibility complex antigens, and the heterogeneity of macrophage subpopulations are central to an understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved. It is only recently that studies of these separate components, in both humans and experimental animals, have begun to provide a basis for understanding the complex interactions occurring in periodontal disease. Studies using the human experimental gingivitis model have shown an immunoregulatory picture consistent with a controlled immunological reaction with an essentially normal T4:T8 ratio of 2.0. In contrast, studies utilizing cells extracted from adult periodontitis lesions have shown a reduced T4:T8 ratio (approximately 1.0) and an inability to respond in, or to stimulate, an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. Animal studies using athymic nude rats have supported the concept of a central role for T-cell control in periodontal disease and the possibility of an imbalance in this control with disease progression. These results are reviewed and areas of future research explored.

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Differences in Lymphocyte and Plasma Cell Densities in Inflamed Gingiva from Adults and Young Children

Cited by 68 publications

References 12 publications

The composition of gingival inflammatory cell infiltrates in children studied by enzyme histochemistry

The composition of gingival inflammatory cell infiltrates in children studied by enzyme histochemistry

The Bacteriology of the Supragingival Plaque of Child Dental Patients in Kuwait

Invited Review: Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Immunoregulation of Chronic Inflammatory Periodontal Disease

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