Differences in gray matter structure correlated to nationalism and patriotism

Takeuchi, Hikaru; Taki, Yasuyuki; Sekiguchi, Atsushi; Nouchi, Rui; Kotozaki, Yuka; Nakagawa, Seishu; Miyauchi, Carlos Makoto; Iizuka, Kunio; Yokoyama, Ryoichi; Shinada, Takamitsu; Yamamoto, Yuki; Hanawa, Sugiko; Araki, Tsuyoshi; Hashizume, Hiroshi; Kunitoki, Keiko; Sassa, Yuko; Kawashima, Ryuta

doi:10.1038/srep29912

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, family income was associated with greater nationalism and competitive achievement motivation, which is a third novel finding. The reason for this association is not clear; however, we have previously shown greater nationalism is associated with a feeling of superiority to others (Takeuchi et al, 2016b), and the data in the present sample also showed a positive correlation between competitive achievement motivation and a feeling of superiority to others. This kind of feeling caused by greater family income may lead to nationalism and competitive achievement motivation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

The Effects of Family Socioeconomic Status on Psychological and Neural Mechanisms as Well as Their Sex Differences

Takeuchi

Taki

Nouchi

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Family socioeconomic status (SES) is an important factor that affects an individual’s neural and cognitive development. The two novel aims of this study were to reveal (a) the effects of family SES on mean diffusivity (MD) using diffusion tensor imaging given the characteristic property of MD to reflect neural plasticity and development and (b) the sex differences in SES effects. In a study cohort of 1,216 normal young adults, we failed to find significant main effects of family SES on MD; however, previously observed main effects of family SES on regional gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) were partly replicated. We found a significant effect of the interaction between sex and family income on MD in the thalamus as well as significant effects of the interaction between sex and parents’ educational qualification (year’s of education) on MD and FA in the body of the corpus callosum as well as white matter areas between the anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex. These results suggest the sex-specific associations of family SES with neural and/or cognitive mechanisms particularly in neural tissues in brain areas that play key roles in basic information processing and higher-order cognitive processes in a way females with greater family SES level show imaging outcome measures that have been associated with more neural tissues (such as greater FA and lower MD) and males showed opposite.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

The Effects of Family Socioeconomic Status on Psychological and Neural Mechanisms as Well as Their Sex Differences

Takeuchi

Taki

Nouchi

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…We regarded state anxiety and GSES as partly overlapping, a neural basis that could not be regressed. Accordingly, as we explained previously (Takeuchi et al 2016b ), we did not regard state anxiety as a confounding variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lenticular nucleus correlates of general self-efficacy in young adults

et al. 2017

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General self-efficacy (GSE) is an important factor in education, social participation, and medical treatment. However, the only study that has investigated the direct association between GSE and a neural correlate did not identify specific brain regions, rather only assessed brain structures, and included older adult subjects. GSE is related to motivation, physical activity, learning, the willingness to initiate behaviour and expend effort, and adjustment. Thus, it was hypothesized in the present study that the neural correlates of GSE might be related to changes in the basal ganglia, which is a region related to the abovementioned self-efficacy factors. This study aimed to identify the brain structures associated with GSE in healthy young adults (n = 1204, 691 males and 513 females, age 20.7 ± 1.8 years) using regional grey matter density and volume (rGMD and rGMV), fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) analyses of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. The findings showed that scores on the GSE Scale (GSES) were associated with a lower MD value in regions from the right putamen to the globus pallidum; however, there were no significant association between GSES scores and regional brain structures using the other analyses (rGMD, rGMV, and FA). Thus, the present findings indicated that the lenticular nucleus is a neural correlate of GSE.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00429-017-1406-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…For analyses of ASL measurements using each individual's non‐normalized segmented gray matter map and white matter map, which were produced from the segmentation process, an artificial image was created for each individual from the function of ‘1 × gray matter map + 2 × WM map’. The contrast of this artificial ‘1 × gray matter map + 2 × white matter map’ was similar to that of the R1 map of ASL (as confirmed by visual inspection) and was used in the following preprocessing of ASL images.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%