Differences in Factors Associated With Initial Growth, CD4, and Viral Load Responses to ART in HIV-Infected Children in Kampala, Uganda, and the United Kingdom/Ireland

Abstract

Overall immunological and virologic ART responses were similar in children in both cohorts. Poorer CD4 recovery in more immunosuppressed Kampala children and blunted growth responses likely reflect higher background malnutrition and infection rates in Uganda, suggesting the need for earlier HIV diagnosis, nutritional support, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, and ART.

mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations inR

“…Applications of imputation by chained equations have now appeared in quite diverse fields: addiction (Schnoll et al 2006;MacLeod et al 2008;Adamczyk and Palmer 2008;Caria et al 2009;Morgenstern et al 2009), arthritis and rheumatology (Wolfe et al 2006;Rahman et al 2008;van den Hout et al 2009), atherosclerosis (Tiemeier et al 2004;van Oijen et al 2007;McClelland et al 2008), cardiovascular system (Ambler et al 2005;van Buuren et al 2006a;Chase et al 2008;Byrne et al 2009;Klein et al 2009), cancer (Clark et al 2001Royston et al 2004;Barosi et al 2007;Fernandes et al 2008;Sharma et al 2008;McCaul et al 2008;Huo et al 2008;Gerestein et al 2009), epidemiology (Cummings et al 2006;Hindorff et al 2008;Mueller et al 2008;Ton et al 2009), endocrinology (Rouxel et al 2004;Prompers et al 2008), infectious diseases (Cottrell et al 2005;Walker et al 2006;Cottrell et al 2007;Kekitiinwa et al 2008;Nash et al 2008;Sabin et al 2008;Thein et al 2008;Garabed et al 2008;Michel et al 2009), genetics …”

Attrition and Loss to Follow-up Among Children and Adolescents in a Community Home-Based Care HIV Programme in Uganda

“…That is illustrated by lower rates of deaths, LTFU and attrition among patients receiving ART, compared to those not receiving ART (Figure 2) over the study period [4,25]. Children on ART may enjoy better overall health including improved growth responses [26][27][28], better enabling them to come in for their scheduled visits. There may also be greater motivation on the part of caregivers to promote retention in care as part of promotion of adherence to ART, such that children not on ART would not receive the extra attention paid to those on ART.…”

Virological and Immunological Long-Term Outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Children Treated before One Year and after Two Years of Age in a Resource-Limited Setting of South Africa

“…Influence of age at baseline, independently of immunological status, was studied in European [23,[25][26][27][28][29] and a few African cohorts (1-8.7 years follow-up) [14,30]. Results were unconclusive.…”