Differences in cognitive abilities among primates are concentrated on G: Phenotypic and phylogenetic comparisons with two meta-analytical databases

Fernandes, Heitor B. F.; Woodley, Michael A.; Nijenhuis, Jan te

doi:10.1016/j.intell.2014.07.007

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Many studies have corroborated that effect in humans (for a review see Fernandes, Woodley, & te Nijenhuis, 2014). An analysis of 69 primate species with five cognitive abilities has shown almost perfect correlations between g loadings and the size of the differences among species (Fernandes et al, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Pavlicev, Cheverud, & Wagner, 2010). As more g -loaded abilities appear to be under stronger selection in the primate phylogeny (Fernandes et al, 2014), we expect that g loadings are positively correlated with not only genetic diversity but also with phenotypic diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following on from previous research, in which Spearman's hypothesis was demonstrated to generalize to comparisons involving primate species (Fernandes et al, 2014), here we reanalyse the data from Hopkins et al (2014) in an effort to determine whether the finding that heritability is a Jensen effect generalizes to chimpanzees, and whether individual chimpanzees differ from one another to a greater degree on more g- loaded abilities. We also expand on these previous two studies and examine phenomena that are still unexplored in studies of Jensen effects in human intelligence: it is possible to calculate coefficients of additive genetic variance (CVA) using the database from Hopkins et al (2014), which constitute a mean-standardized and scale-invariant index of genetic variance in a trait (Houle, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The more g-loaded, the more heritable, evolvable, and phenotypically variable: Homology with humans in chimpanzee cognitive abilities

Fernandes

Hopkins

2015

Intelligence

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Expanding on a recent study that identified a heritable general intelligence factor (g) among individual chimpanzees from a battery of cognitive tasks, we hypothesized that the cognitive abilities that are more g-loaded would be more heritable and would present more additive genetic variance, in addition to showing more phenotypic variability. This pattern was confirmed, and is comparable to that found in humans, indicating fundamental homology. Finally, tool use presented the highest heritability, the largest amount of additive genetic variance and of phenotypic variance, consistent with previous findings indicating that it is associated with high interspecies variance and evolutionary rates in comparative primate studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The more g-loaded, the more heritable, evolvable, and phenotypically variable: Homology with humans in chimpanzee cognitive abilities

Fernandes

Hopkins

2015

Intelligence

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“…Interestingly, there is also a great deal of evidence that is incompatible with a strictly modular view of intelligence, suggesting that domain-general processes evolve in animals as well as domain-specific ones [13] (reviewed by [14]). We define general intelligence as the suite of cognitive mechanisms that appear to enhance an animal's ability to engage in flexible, innovative behaviours when confronted with a problem [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of intelligence in mammalian carnivores

Holekamp

Benson‐Amram

2017

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Although intelligence should theoretically evolve to help animals solve specific types of problems posed by the environment, it is unclear which environmental challenges favour enhanced cognition, or how general intelligence evolves along with domain-specific cognitive abilities. The social intelligence hypothesis posits that big brains and great intelligence have evolved to cope with the labile behaviour of group mates. We have exploited the remarkable convergence in social complexity between cercopithecine primates and spotted hyaenas to test predictions of the social intelligence hypothesis in regard to both cognition and brain size. Behavioural data indicate that there has been considerable convergence between primates and hyaenas with respect to their social cognitive abilities. Moreover, compared with other hyaena species, spotted hyaenas have larger brains and expanded frontal cortex, as predicted by the social intelligence hypothesis. However, broader comparative study suggests that domain-general intelligence in carnivores probably did not evolve in response to selection pressures imposed specifically in the social domain. The cognitive buffer hypothesis, which suggests that general intelligence evolves to help animals cope with novel or changing environments, appears to offer a more robust explanation for general intelligence in carnivores than any hypothesis invoking selection pressures imposed strictly by sociality or foraging demands.

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“…There is some evidence that all of these factors come together because when analyzed across extant primate species, there are positive intercorrelations between tool use, behavioral flexibility, social complexity, social learning and asocial learning, giving rise to a kind of aggregate-level G factor (Fernandes, Woodley, & te Nijenhuis, 2014). …”

Section: Proposed Theoretical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic ancestry, cognitive ability, and socioeconomic outcomes

Kirkegaard¹,

Fuerst²,

Meisenberg³

2017

Preprint

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Self-identified race/ethnicity (SIRE) groups are known to differ in average cognitive ability, socioeconomic status and genomic ancestry, but the causal paths are disputed. We used data from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics Study (PING; n = 1,369) to examine the relationship between cognitive ability, socioeconomic outcomes and genomic ancestry in the United States.In regression models using 4 different codings of SIRE as a covariate, we found non-trivial relationships between genomic ancestry and outcomes. The relationship between genomic ancestry and cognitive ability was reduced but was still substantial when parental socioeconomic status was controlled for. Interpretation of this is unclear due to possible genetic confounding. Relationships also held when Hispanics and African Americans were analyzed alone.In this sample, the mean IQ by ancestry was approximately 100 for European, 78 for African, and 86 for Amerindian. The sample sizes for the remaining ancestries were too small to produce reliable estimates. The results are consistent with genetic models of cognitive and social inequality, but also with certain environmental models. More sophisticated studies are possible and necessary to resolve the question.

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Differences in cognitive abilities among primates are concentrated on G: Phenotypic and phylogenetic comparisons with two meta-analytical databases

Cited by 44 publications

References 78 publications

The more g-loaded, the more heritable, evolvable, and phenotypically variable: Homology with humans in chimpanzee cognitive abilities

The more g-loaded, the more heritable, evolvable, and phenotypically variable: Homology with humans in chimpanzee cognitive abilities

The evolution of intelligence in mammalian carnivores

Genomic ancestry, cognitive ability, and socioeconomic outcomes

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