Differences in Circulating Carnitine Status of Preterm Infants Fed Fortified Human Milk or Preterm Infant Formula

Bene, Judit; Komlósi, Katalin; Melegh, Béla; Décsi, Támas; Koletzko, Berthold; Sauerwald, Ulrike

doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31829fad06

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, the higher contents of acyl-carnitine C8.1, C12.0 and 14.0 in infants receiving the IF might be related to its higher content of medium-chain fatty acids. Similar observations were reported in the study by Bene et al, in which plasma concentrations of medium-chain acyl-carnitines were related to the formula content of medium-chain triglycerides [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Association of infant formula composition and anthropometry at 4 years: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (BeMIM study)

Fleddermann¹,

Demmelmair

Hellmuth

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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The relationships between nutrition, metabolic response, early growth and later body weight have been investigated in human studies. The aim of this follow-up study was to assess the long-term effect of infant feeding on growth and to study whether the infant metabolome at the age of 4 months might predict anthropometry at 4 years of age. The Belgrade-Munich infant milk trial (BeMIM) was a randomized controlled trial in which healthy term infants received either a protein-reduced infant formula (1.89 g protein/100 kcal) containing alpha-lactalbumin enriched whey and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), or a standard formula (2.2 g protein/100 kcal) without LC-PUFA, focusing on safety and suitability. Non-randomized breastfed infants were used as a reference group. Of the 259 infants that completed the BeMIM study at the age of 4 months (anthropometry assessment and blood sampling), 187 children participated in a follow-up visit at 4 years of age. Anthropometry including weight, standing height, head circumference, and percent body fat was determined using skinfolds (triceps, subscapular) and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Plasma metabolite concentration, collected in samples at the age of 4 months, was measured using flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry. A linear regression model was applied to estimate the associations between each metabolite and growth with metabolites as an independent variable. At 4 years of age, there were no significant group differences in anthropometry and body composition between formula groups. Six metabolites (Asn, Lys, Met, Phe, Trp, Tyr) measured at 4 months of age were significantly associated with changes in weight-for-age z-score between 1 to 4 months of age and BMI-for-age z-score (Tyr only), after adjustment for feeding group. No correlation was found between measured metabolites and long-term growth (up to 4 years of age). No long-term effects of early growth patterns were shown on anthropometry at 4 years of age. The composition of infant formula influences the metabolic profile and early growth, while long-term programming effects were not observed in this study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Association of infant formula composition and anthropometry at 4 years: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (BeMIM study)

Fleddermann¹,

Demmelmair

Hellmuth

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Issues in establishing life-stage DRIs for bioactives vary greatly from one substance to another. For example, in infants, intakes from human milk bioactive substances such as nucleotides [25], carnitine [2], lutein [3], and glycoconjugate sugars [19, 26] have been used to derive safe levels of addition of such compounds to infant formulas. Evidence of the biological benefit of addition of these substances to the health of formula-fed infants is inconsistent, but no adverse effects have been identified.…”

Section: What Are the Challenges To Establishing Such A System And Homentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the benefits and challenges of establishing a DRI-like process for bioactives

et al. 2014

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Bioactives can be defined as: “Constituents in foods or dietary supplements, other than those needed to meet basic human nutritional needs, which are responsible for changes in health status” (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of Public Health and Science, Department of Health and Human Services in Fed Reg 69:55821–55822, 2004). Although traditional nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, protein, essential fatty acids and essential amino acids, have dietary reference intake (DRI) values, there is no such evaluative process for bioactives. For certain classes of bioactives, substantial scientific evidence exists to validate a relationship between their intake and enhanced health conditions or reduced risk of disease. In addition, the study of bioactives and their relationship to disease risk is a growing area of research supported by government, academic institutions, and food and supplement manufacturers. Importantly, consumers are purchasing foods containing bioactives, yet there is no evaluative process in place to let the public know how strong the science is behind the benefits or the quantitative amounts needed to achieve these beneficial health effects. This conference, Bioactives: Qualitative Nutrient Reference Values for Life-stage Groups?, explored why it is important to have a DRI-like process for bioactives and challenges for establishing such a process.

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“…However, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan proportions were unchanged. However, Bene J et al 24 didn't find any difference in plasma carnitine profiles in pre-term infants fed with fortified human milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, threonine was significantly higher in bovine group and proline and ornithine was significantly higher in ultra-filtrated human milk protein group Similar results were reported by other researchers. [20][21][22][23][24] Gathwala G et al 19 in his study also used blood urea nitrogen as biochemical markers for assessment of efficacy of fortification and found that blood urea nitrogen was significantly high in fortified group (22.80 ± 2.65 mg/dL) as compared to non-fortified/control group (21.12 ± 2.77 mg/dL) after 2 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of human milk fortification in low-birth-weight infants; A randomized controlled trial

Zia Ul Haq,

Afzal Khan,

Hamid Naeem

et al. 2024

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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Introduction: Low Birth Weight (LBW), less than 2500grams, has significant effect on baby survival and growth. A good supportive care in addition to breastfeeding is very important. Breast milk fortification role is under research. Aims; To study the Efficacy of Human Milk Fortification in Low-Birth-Weight Infants Materials and Methods: This RCT was conducted at Department of pediatrics Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from October 2021 to March 2022. A total of 60 low birth weight neonates were randomly allocated into two arms (group A fortified) and (group B unfortified) through non probability consecutive sampling technique. One group was given fortified expressed breast milk with 1g sachet of Human Milk Fortifier (HMF). The second group was fed with unfortified breast milk only. Babies were monitored every two-weekly with Biochemical markers. Data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential means using independent T Test. Results: The mean weight of neonates in the supplemented group was 2273.83g (Mean SD = 2273.83g 182.83g) and in the control group it was 2176.67g (Mean SD = 2176.67g 181.86g). Result shows that infants given human milk fortifier gain more weight as compared to breast milk. Statistical analysis also showed significant difference (P value 0.017) Conclusion: It is concluded that use of human fortified milk is helpful in gaining weight in low birth weight infants. It also improves serum calcium and protein levels.

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Differences in Circulating Carnitine Status of Preterm Infants Fed Fortified Human Milk or Preterm Infant Formula

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Association of infant formula composition and anthropometry at 4 years: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (BeMIM study)

Association of infant formula composition and anthropometry at 4 years: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial (BeMIM study)

Exploring the benefits and challenges of establishing a DRI-like process for bioactives

Efficacy of human milk fortification in low-birth-weight infants; A randomized controlled trial

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