Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African–American and Caucasian patients

Abstract

A convenient and cost‐effective strategy for synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ester‐amide)s from commercially available dicarboxylic acids (A2) and multihydroxyl secondary amine (CB2) has been developed. By optimizing the conditions of model reactions, the AB2‐type intermediates were formed dominantly during the initial reaction stage. Without any purification, the AB2 intermediate was subjected to thermal polycondensation in the absence of any catalyst to prepare the aliphatic and semiaromatic hyperbranched poly(ester‐amide)s bearing multi‐hydroxyl end‐groups. The FTIR and 1H NMR spectra indicated that the polymerization proceeded in the proposed way. The DBs of the resulting polymers were confirmed by a combination of inverse‐gated decoupling 13C NMR, and DEPT‐135 NMR techniques. The DBs of the hyperbranched poly(ester‐amide)s were in the range of 0.44–0.73, depending on the structure of the monomers used. The hyperbranched polymers exhibited moderate molecular weights with relatively broad distributions determined by SEC. All the polymers displayed low inherent viscosity (0.11–0.25 dL/g) due to the branched nature. Structural and end‐group effects on the thermal properties of the hyperbranched polymers were investigated using DSC. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the resulting polymers exhibit reasonable thermal stability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5077–5092, 2008

Are survivorship care plans responsive to African-American breast cancer survivors?: voices of survivors and advocates

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Disease-free probability after the first primary ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a comparison between African-American and White-American women

“…[7–10] However, this observation contradicts the overwhelming evidence that African-American women are diagnosed with more aggressive clinical and biological behavior of invasive breast cancer. [2, 3, 18] Most likely this reason is multifold. First, socioeconomic status and access barriers to health care may be one reason.…”

Clinical Significance of Lymph Node Ratio in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes

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