Differences in biomarker and behavioral responses to native and chemically dispersed crude and refined fossil oils in zebrafish early life stages

Comparative toxicity assessment of in situ burn residues to initial and dispersed heavy fuel oil using zebrafish embryos as test organisms

“…However, also no effects on swimming behavior induced by WAF exposure have been reported (Perrichon et al 2016). While previous work (Johann et al 2020) and the present study observed consistent reduced swimming activity (during darkness) independent of the oil type, Perrichon et al (2016) showed deviating responses of zebrafish larvae exposed to different oil types (light Arabian crude oil and HFO). In that particular study, one oil type reduced swimming activity, while the other oil did not affect swimming behavior at all.…”

“…The increase of dissolved oil compounds in the CEWAF indicates that the initial LEWAF system of the present study was not in a stable state of equilibrium after 40 h of mixing, in which droplet formation should not change the compound partitioning between oil and water phase approximately calculated based on Raoult's law (Lee et al 1992). Nonetheless, previous experiments with Finasol OSR51 ® showed acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos by the dispersant itself, especially after hatching (Johann et al 2020). Hence, the dispersant might also contribute to the CEWAF toxicity to a certain extent.…”

“…Overall, even though AhR-dependent or -independent modes of actions of selected PAHs are understood, and that still more than 25% of variations in toxicity due to complex mixture interactions remains unexplained (Hodson 2017). Our previous experience with identical analysis and experimental setups supports this conclusion, since biological effect gradients across different oil types could not be explained by corresponding chemical analysis of target PAHs (Johann et al 2020).…”

“…Thus, the 7ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was examined as a very sensitive marker for the CYP system in fish (van der Oost et al 2003). Previous studies have demonstrated that swimming behavior is altered in oil WAF-exposed larval fish (Johann et al 2020;Mager et al 2014;Perrichon et al 2016) already at low exposure concentrations, thus indicating this endpoint to be a sensitive biomarker for changes in general fitness of petroleum compound-exposed fish larvae. Since alterations in swimming behavior can indicate a neurotoxic potential of toxicants (Legradi et al 2018), in the present study, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was additionally selected as a mechanism-specific biomarker for neurotoxicity.…”

Ontogeny-Specific Skeletal Deformities in Atlantic Haddock Caused by Larval Oil Exposure

“…Research conducted in the aftermath of major accidental oil spills, such as the 1989 grounding of Exxon Valdez in the Prince William Sound, Alaska, and the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout in the Gulf of Mexico, has documented developmental abnormalities in fish larvae exposed to crude oil (Peterson et al, 2003;Rice et al, 2007;Incardona et al, 2013). As verified in laboratory studies, exposure to crude oil or its derivatives, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), induces craniofacial, jaw, and eye deformities, and spinal curvature, as well as pericardial and yolk-sac edema and reduced growth in fish larvae (Carls et al, 1999;Incardona et al, 2004;Ingvarsdottir et al, 2012;Incardona and Scholz, 2016;Sørhus et al, 2017;Hansen et al, 2019;Laurel et al, 2019;Lie et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2019;Johann et al, 2020). Morphological alterations in the head skeleton, including the jaw, have been considered as a secondary effect of reduced blood flow or heart failure after crude oil exposure (Incardona et al, 2004(Incardona et al, , 2013.…”