Differences in Biochar Sources for Controlled Nitrogen Loss in a Hybrid Maize Agroforestry System with Melaleuca cajuputi

Abstract

Biochar is used to improve soil fertility and control nitrogen loss in soil. This study aimed to evaluate the difference between biochar sources, namely Melaleuca cajuputi waste and rice husk, for controlled nitrogen loss in hybrid maize planted between Melaleuca cajuputi stands. A split-plot design with three replications was used. The main plot was composed of biochar sources (BS), i.e., without biochar application (WB), Melaleuca cajuputi biochar (MCB), and rice husk biochar (RHB). The subplot was the urea fertilizer dosage, i.e., 0, 150, 300, and 450 kg/ha. The observation parameters were nitrate reductase activity (NRA), total chlorophyll (TC), leaf photosynthesis rate (LPR), nitrogen loss (NL), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and seed yield per hectare (SY). The data were analyzed with ANCOVA and LS-means. The results showed that there was no significant difference between mixing MCB or RHB in UF for all hybrid maize parameters, whereas significant differences were observed with WB. The NL values ​​of MCB and RHB were 13.85 and 13.08 kg/ha N, i.e., NL was significantly reduced by 70.90% and 72.51%, and the percentage of SY increased by 28.60% and 37.94% compared to WB, respectively.

Soil quality measurement for sustainable soybean yield agroforestry system under different crop rotation models

“…Biochar sourced from M. cajuputi waste can be used as a soil amendment to increase the annual crop yield (Alam et al 2020b;Faridah et al 2021;Kastono et al 2022). Applying 9.25 tons•ha -1 of M. cajuputi biochar and 76.31 kg•ha -1 of ammonium sulfate increased soybean yield by 13.02% and reduced nitrogen loss by 38.25% compared with a single application of 100 kg ha -1 ammonium sulfate (Alam et al 2021).…”