Differences in approach run kinematics: successful vs. unsuccessful jumps in the pole vault

Cassirame, Johan; Sánchez, Hugo Machado; Exell, Timothy; Panoutsakopoulos, Vassilios; Theodorou, Apostolos; Homo, Sébastien; Frère, Julien

doi:10.1080/24748668.2019.1657655

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As well as providing for a comparison between elite-standard men and women pole vaulters, the values found show the kinematic characteristics of world-class performances that can be used by coaches. Many of these values were in line with what previous research has found (e.g., Linthorne and Weetman, 2012;Schade and Arampatzis, 2012;Cassirame et al, 2019;Panoutsakopoulos et al, 2021), and supports our understanding of pole vault mechanics by fortifying the current body of research on the event. However, there were also some results that differed from previous studies or, at least, highlighted some exceptions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The women's mean mass was 75% of the mean mass for men, and the lower relative strength of women and the restricting effect of pole mass on velocity (Angulo-Kinzler et al, 1994;Frère et al, 2010) might have influenced their decision to take fewer run-up steps in trying to prevent excessive deceleration toward the end of the run-up. The absolute spatial differences in men's and women's pole vaulting, including grip height and take-off CM height, suggest that there is a sex-based difference in the model for success in the event (Cassirame et al, 2019). This is unsurprising given how the chosen pole's length and mass must accommodate the athlete's stature and strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematics of the Final Approach and Take-Off Phases in World-Class Men and Women Pole Vaulters

Hanley¹,

Gravestock²,

Hopkinson³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The pole vault is a highly technical event where the athletes must successfully convert horizontal velocity during the run-up to vertical velocity at take-off. The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of men's and women's world-class pole vaulting. Video data were collected of the best clearances by 14 men and 11 women at the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships using three high-speed cameras (200 Hz). Running velocity, step lengths, step times, and pole angles were measured during the run-up; during take-off, distance from the plant box, angle and velocity of take-off, and relative positions of the foot and hands were measured. Men achieved greater clearance heights with faster run-ups, faster take-off velocities and higher hand grip positions (all p < 0.001), with each of the last three steps longer for men when expressed as absolute values (all p < 0.001), but not when expressed relative to stature. There were no differences in run-up pole angles, step times, take-off angle, take-off contact time or time from pole plant to take-off. Women differed in their approach and take-off for characteristics affected by stature and strength, such as fewer run-up steps, shorter take-off distances, and lower grip heights. These lower grips result from a shorter, lighter pole, and this disadvantage was greater than slower run-up velocities. Coaches should therefore note that sex-based differences occur in the pole vault that result from anthropometric differences, but which do not negate the adoption of similar technical models of vaulting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematics of the Final Approach and Take-Off Phases in World-Class Men and Women Pole Vaulters

Hanley¹,

Gravestock²,

Hopkinson³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Overall, these results confirmed the ability of elite pole vaulter to cope efficiently with the unbalanced related to pole carriage, but adding further constraints (PPS and TK) led to a progressive increase in asymmetry. However, these changes in asymmetry did not seem to be at the expense of the speed changes between the conditions and even less of performance (Cassirame et al, 2019). As found in previous studies, pole carriage and more generally extra-weight or arm swing restriction decreased the step length (Frère et al, 2009;Cross, Brughelli, & Cronin, 2014;Macadam, Cronin, & Feser, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…To achieve the best possible performance, athletes have to transfer the maximum of energy from their approach run to the pole and use energy recoil to elevate their centre of mass as high as possible (Arampatzis, Schade, & Brüggemann, 2002;Linthorne & Weetman, 2012;Schade & Arampatzis, 2012;Schade, Arampatzis, & Brüggemann, 2006). Several previous studies demonstrated a strong relationship between the horizontal take-off speed and performance in pole vault (Cassirame et al, 2019;Decker & Bird, 2008;Linthorne & Weetman, 2012;Steinacker, 1991). Basically, speed is growing during the run-up phase, and the related kinetic energy is then transferred into the bending pole.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gender, carrying and planting the pole on approach step parameters in young pole vaulters

Cassirame¹,

Sánchez²,

Homo³

et al. 2022

Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot

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In pole vaulting, take-off speed is considered as a major determinant of performance. Pole carriage could affect the speed acquired during the approach and at the take-off. This study investigated different types of runs performed randomly by young male and female expert athletes: maximal sprint, maximal pole carriage run, maximal run-up with simulated pole plant and competition situation. Speed profile was determined with a radar gun and spatiotemporal parameters were recorded for the last 20 m of the approach with the Optojump Next system. For both genders, mechanical variables were compared using two-way ANOVAs with repeated measurements. Pole carriage represents the main cause of speed decrease for both men (−5.8%) and women (−6.2%). A step rate decrease during pole carriage was pointed out with an increase of contact time for both men and women. Significant speed decrease was observed for women at the take-off compared to pole plant simulation (−4.3%), while not for men. Those results provide a new insight for pole vault training allowing to update training process with specific exercises leading to reduce speed loss at take-off.

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“…Analyses of unsuccessful high jumps could yield important information about the factors contributing to suboptimal performance. While successful (SU) and unsuccessful (UN) jump comparisons have been undertaken for other events ( 18 ), key performance parameters in the high jump have mainly been identified by comparing SU jumps of different heights ( 6 , 9 , 19 ). As such, limited information exists on the magnitude and type of changes made by athletes to bring about successful bar clearance following an unsuccessful jump.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships

Nicholson,

Epro,

Merlino

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Studies previously conducted on high jump have yielded important information regarding successful performance. However, analyses in competitive scenarios have often disregarded athletes’ unsuccessful attempts. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical differences between successful and unsuccessful jumps during competition. High-speed video footage (200 Hz) was obtained from 11 athletes during the 2018 Men's World Athletics Indoor Championship Final. From each athlete, one successful (SU) and one unsuccessful (UN) jump at the same bar height were included in the analysis, leaving seven athletes in total. Following whole-body 3D manual digitization, several temporal and kinematic variables were calculated for the run-up, take-off, and flight phases of each jump. During SU jumps, athletes raised the center of mass to a greater extent (p < 0.01) from take-off. Touchdown in SU jumps was characterized by a faster anteroposterior velocity (p < 0.05), lower backward lean (p < 0.05), and changes in joint angles for the stance and trail limbs (p < 0.05). Athletes also shortened the final contact time during SU jumps (p < 0.01) after producing a longer flight time in the final step of the run-up (p < 0.05). Elite-level high jumpers undertake a series of adjustments to successfully clear the bar after UN jumps. These adjustments reinforce the importance of the run-up in setting the foundations for take-off and bar clearance. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the need for coaches to be mindful of the adjustments required in stance and trail limbs when looking to optimize feedback to athletes during training and competition.

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Differences in approach run kinematics: successful vs. unsuccessful jumps in the pole vault

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Kinematics of the Final Approach and Take-Off Phases in World-Class Men and Women Pole Vaulters

Kinematics of the Final Approach and Take-Off Phases in World-Class Men and Women Pole Vaulters

Effect of gender, carrying and planting the pole on approach step parameters in young pole vaulters

Differences in run-up, take-off, and flight characteristics: successful vs. unsuccessful high jump attempts at the IAAF world championships

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