Differences in anxiety-related behaviours and in sensitivity to diazepam in inbred and outbred strains of mice

Griebel, Guy; Belzung, Catherine; Perrault, Ghislaine; Sanger, D. J.

doi:10.1007/s002130050038

Cited by 387 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, using several tasks based on exploratory behavior (e.g. the light/dark choice test) we confirmed that BALB/c generally show a more pronounced reluctance to locomote in a novel area than do other inbred (C57BL/6, C3H, CBA, DBA/2, NZB, SJL) and/or outbred (NMRI, Swiss) strains of mice [10,34]. Interestingly, unlike the other strains, BALB/c mice exhibit strong neophobic reactions when confronted simultaneously with a familiar and a novel compartment in the free-exploration test [33].…”

Section: Mouse Models Of 'Pathological' or 'Trait' Anxietysupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Finally, this strain also exhibits some particular features in the sensitivity to anxiolytic agents. Indeed, it has a high sensitivity to the anxiolytic action of BZs [34] and low doses of the BZ receptor antagonist flumazenil induce an anxiolytic-like action in this strain [9]. Furthermore, naloxone, an opioid antagonist, blocks the anxiolytic-like action of BZs in SWISS and C57Bl/6 mice, but not in BALB/c mice, an effect probably related to abnormality in k-opioidergic receptors [1,5,8].…”

Section: Mouse Models Of 'Pathological' or 'Trait' Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Belzung

Griebel

2001

Behavioural Brain Research

767

497

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Measuring anxiety-like behaviour in mice has been mostly undertaken using a few classical animal models of anxiety such as the elevated plus-maze, the light/dark choice or the open-field tests. All these procedures are based upon the exposure of subjects to unfamiliar aversive places. Anxiety can also be elicited by a range of threats such as predator exposure. Furthermore, the concepts of 'state' and 'trait' anxiety have been proposed to differentiate anxiety that the subject experiences at a particular moment of time and that is increased by the presence of an anxiogenic stimulus, and anxiety that does not vary from moment to moment and is considered to be an 'enduring feature of an individual'. Thus, when assessing the behaviour of mice, it is necessary to increase the range of behavioural paradigms used, including animal models of 'state' and 'trait' anxiety. In the last few years, many mice with targeted mutations have been generated. Among them some have been proposed as animal models of pathological anxiety, since they display high level of anxiety-related behaviours in classical tests. However, it is important to emphasise that such mice are animal models of a single gene dysfunction, rather than models of anxiety, per se. Inbred strains of mice, such as the BALB/c line, which exhibits spontaneously elevated anxiety appear to be a more suitable model of pathological anxiety.

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Section: Mouse Models Of 'Pathological' or 'Trait' Anxietysupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Mouse Models Of 'Pathological' or 'Trait' Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Belzung

Griebel

2001

Behavioural Brain Research

767

497

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“…Indeed, in the present study, the 10 mg/kg dose of chlordiazepoxide had no effect on the context-potentiated startle responding in the unpaired group, which may indicate that a higher dose of chlordiazepoxide is needed to block context-potentiated startle than is effective for FPS. It is also important to note that the effective doses of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide are similar to the effective dose range of these compounds in the elevated plus maze in mice, indicating some commonality across benzodiazepine dose ranges for the FPS model and other models of anxiety in mice (Lister, 1987;Griebel et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

GABA-A and 5-HT1A Receptor Agonists Block Expression of Fear-Potentiated Startle in Mice

Risbrough

Brodkin²,

Geyer

2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The present experiments characterized the acquisition of fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and determined the sensitivity of FPS to anxiolytic compounds in DBA/1J mice. A light (30 s) conditioned stimulus (CS) and mild footshock (0.14 mA, 0.5 s) unconditioned stimulus (US) were used. First, acquisition of FPS was examined by presenting the acoustic startle probe during and after each CS-US pairing trial, allowing for a trial-by-trial measurement of experience-dependent startle plasticity. In this novel protocol, mice showed robust acquisition (larger acoustic startle reflex in the presence of the CS) of FPS after as few as eight CS-US pairings. FPS was significantly greater when the CS and US were paired explicitly (light-paired) as compared to when both the US and CS were presented randomly (unpaired), or when the CS was presented alone (no shock), indicating pairing-dependent learning of the CS. Second, the present study assessed the sensitivity of FPS in mice to anxiolytic drugs. The GABA-A receptor agonists diazepam (3 and 6 mg/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the expression of FPS post-training, as did the serotonin 1A receptor partial agonist buspirone (5 and 10 mg/kg). Furthermore, all three anxiolytic drugs reduced startle responding in a cue-specific manner and without significant changes in baseline responding. These data demonstrate a novel method of studying acquisition of FPS, and support the predictive validity of the FPS model of anxiolytic drug action in mice.

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“…Examination of the pharmacological responses of gestationally cocaine-exposed animals in other behavioral procedures that are more specific to drug effects on negative hedonic states, such as fear-potentiated startle (Ralph-Williams et al, 2003), black-white box testing (Crawley and Goodwin, 1980;Griebel et al, 2000), or the forced-swim test (Carlezon et al, 2003) will be more informative regarding their responsiveness to acute stress. One consistently emerging conclusion from our investigations, however, is that among the behavioral methods most commonly used to investigate the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse, early developmental exposure to cocaine appears to increase the potency of cocaine in adulthood when tested with operant procedures such as selfadministration and intracranial self-stimulation, and to diminish cocaine potency in procedures employing non-contingent administration and classical conditioning, such as locomotor sensitization and conditioned place-preference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to cocaine alters the development of conditioned place-preference to cocaine in adult mice

Malanga

Pejchal

Kosofsky

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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As addiction is increasingly formulated as a developmental disorder, identifying how early developmental exposures influence later responses to drugs of abuse is important to our understanding of substance abuse neurobiology. We have previously identified behavioral changes in adult mice following gestational exposure to cocaine that differ when assessed with methods employing contingent and non-contingent drug administration. We sought to clarify this distinction using a Pavlovian behavioral measure, conditioned place-preference. Adult mice exposed to cocaine in utero (40 or 20 mg/kg/day), vehicle and pair-fed controls were place-conditioned to either cocaine (5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline injections. The development of conditioned place-preference to cocaine was impaired in mice exposed to cocaine in utero, and was abolished by fetal malnutrition. A context-specific place-aversion to vehicle but not cocaine injection was observed in prenatally cocaine-exposed mice. Locomotor behavior did not differ among prenatal treatment groups. We conclude that early developmental exposure to cocaine may diminish the subsequent rewarding effects of cocaine in adulthood measured with classical conditioning techniques, and that this is not due to changes in locomotor behavior. Sensitivity to acute stress is also altered by prenatal cocaine exposure, consistent with earlier findings in this model.

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Differences in anxiety-related behaviours and in sensitivity to diazepam in inbred and outbred strains of mice

Cited by 387 publications

References 26 publications

Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

Measuring normal and pathological anxiety-like behaviour in mice: a review

GABA-A and 5-HT1A Receptor Agonists Block Expression of Fear-Potentiated Startle in Mice

Prenatal exposure to cocaine alters the development of conditioned place-preference to cocaine in adult mice

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