Differences in annual evaporation between grazed pasture and Eucalyptus species in plantations on a saline farm catchment

Greenwood, E. A. N.; Klein, Levente J.; Beresford, J.D.; Watson, G.D.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(85)90105-2

Cited by 119 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[LULUCF 2.5.1.1.4] In the dry tropics, forest plantations often use more water than short vegetation because trees can access water at greater depth and evaporate more intercepted water. Newly planted forests can use more water (by transpiration and interception) than the annual rainfall, by mining stored water (Greenwood et al, 1985). Extensive afforestation or reforestation in the dry tropics can therefore have a serious impact on supplies of groundwater and river flows.…”

Section: 4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance and Resilience of A Stream Salamander To Supraseasonal Drought

2012

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Section: 4]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance and Resilience of A Stream Salamander To Supraseasonal Drought

2012

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“…Similar results have been reported elsewhere: Richardson and Ritchie (1973) reported annual ET of 48% of mean annual precipitation (MAP) in the USA. In Australia, Greenwood et al (1985) reported annual ET for a grazed pasture of 60% of MAP (MAP = 680 mm). Everson (2001) reported a total catchment ET of 57% of MAP for Cathedral Peak VI (MAP = 1299 mm).…”

Section: Resulting Daily Evapotranspirationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil water variability in the Weatherley grassland catchment, South Africa: I. Evapotranspiration

Huyssteen

Zere

Hensley

2009

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Evapotranspiration (ET) is a major component of the soil water balance and therefore requires accurate determination to quantify catchment water yield. Six-year daily ET was determined at 300 mm depth intervals in the root zone of 28 soil profiles in the Weatherley catchment in South Africa. Daily ET was calculated based on the soil water balance equation and interpretation of the physical and morphological properties of the soils. Water losses by ET were studied at various soil water contents. This established the ET/ET 0 for veld grass and therefore enabled the calculation of daily ET from daily ET 0 . Resulting annual mean daily ET ranged from 1.4 mm d -1 (50% of rainfall) at the driest hillslope site to 2.6 mm d -1 (90% of rainfall) at the marsh. Results indicated that the proposed procedure enabled fairly accurate determination of ET for the grassland catchment.

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“…However, measurement of intercepted loss and lateral flow is complex, but together can account for up to 10-40% of the annual rainfall in the HRZ (Smith 1974;White et al 2000;Lodge et al 2001). The amount of intercepted rainfall returned directly to the atmosphere could be up to 5 times greater than that of potential evaporation during and following rainfall (Sharma 1984;Nulsen 1993) and can account for 10-20% of the annual rainfall (Smith 1974;Dunin and Mackay 1982;Greenwood et al 1985). Ground cover, canopy structure, height, and litter can influence the intercepted loss, albedo values, and estimation of ET for pastures.…”

Section: Rainfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximising the use of soil water by herbaceous species in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia: a review

Singh¹,

Bird²,

Saul³

2003

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Abstract. The planting of deep-rooted pasture species, herbaceous shrubs, and trees has been widely recommended to reduce deep drainage and recharge to the groundwater in the high rainfall zone (HRZ). However, in more recent years, the value of perennial pastures to reduce recharge has been questioned in areas with >600 mm annual rainfall. Currently, pastures dominated by annual species with relatively low productivity occur across much of the HRZ where deep drainage is most likely contributing to recharge. This review outlines our current understanding of water use by various herbaceous species, and indicates ways in which their water use may be increased in the HRZ of southern Australia.To reduce deep drainage in the HRZ, the soil water deficit must be increased prior to the opening autumn rains. This will allow a greater storage of water before any potential deep drainage occurs. There are two ways that this can be achieved with the use of herbaceous species. Firstly, change to or encourage species that use more water annually. Although plants with deeper root systems including lucerne have the ability to dry the soil to depth, a combination of winter-and summer-active species, rotational grazing, and pasture spelling would extend the active growing season and soil water use of annual and perennial species. A second option is to increase the productivity of the pasture, as there is a direct link between growth and water use. For example, improving pasture productivity by 50%, say from 8 to 12 t dry matter/ha, could use (transpire) approximately 160 mm more water annually by a C 3 species, irrespective of evaporation from the soil surface or evaporative demand factors. This is supported by strong correlations between plant dry mass and water use among a wide range of C 3 and C 4 plants of diverse growth form and habitat. This relationship appears to have been overlooked in recent studies of various components of the soil water balance model, possibly due to limited and unreliable estimates of evapotranspiration (ET). An improved relationship between 'estimated' ET and measured dry matter production should improve the capability of the soil water balance model to predict deep drainage, which is primarily dependent on the ET. Ways to increase pasture productivity and soil water use include regular applications of fertiliser and lime, and better management of waterlogged and acidic soils in the HRZ. Summer-active native species may also be useful on soils where the persistence of other deep-rooted perennials is poor; however, little is known about their productivity and persistence when heavily grazed.We believe that the relationship between water use and pasture production needs to be reassessed to improve the predictability of the soil water balance approach and recommend further research in both the field and under controlled conditions to determine the potential for increased water use in the HRZ of southern Australia by combinations of plant species and greater pasture productivity.A R 0 2 0 8 3 W a t e r u ...

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Differences in annual evaporation between grazed pasture and Eucalyptus species in plantations on a saline farm catchment

Cited by 119 publications

References 4 publications

Resistance and Resilience of A Stream Salamander To Supraseasonal Drought

Resistance and Resilience of A Stream Salamander To Supraseasonal Drought

Soil water variability in the Weatherley grassland catchment, South Africa: I. Evapotranspiration

Maximising the use of soil water by herbaceous species in the high rainfall zone of southern Australia: a review

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