Differences in adiposity and diet quality among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in Eastern Canada

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to characterize the relationship between diet quality and body composition in participants living with IBD, specifically Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), in Atlantic Canada. Participants from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH) study are residents of one of the four Atlantic Canada provinces. Participants who completed the dietary questionnaire and had body composition measured were included in the study (n = 12,462 without IBD, n = 111 CD, n = 119 UC). A greater number of participants with IBD reported having multiple chronic conditions compared to those without IBD. Those with UC had statistically higher body weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to those without IBD. Overall, significant positive correlations were observed between adiposity and servings of refined grains, and meats and alternatives such as eggs and fish, whereas negative correlations were observed with servings of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and alternatives such as tofu, and nuts/seeds. Participants with IBD (both CD and UC) consumed more refined grains than those without IBD. Using logistic regression analysis, participants consuming more servings of vegetables and whole grains were less likely to have CD where as those consuming more serving of fruit and bean/legumes were less likely to have UC. In the Atlantic PATH cohort, which includes a region of the world with a high incidence of IBD, distinct differences in adiposity and diet quality were observed in individuals with specific types of IBD compared to those without. There is a need for collaborative efforts to address weight management and diet quality issues in those living with IBD in the Atlantic Canadian region.

Nutritional Status of Men with Ulcerative Colitis in Remission in a Pair–Matched Case–Control Study

“…The observed lack of difference in BMI between our study groups corresponds with the results of the study by Back et al [ 30 ], who reported a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with IBD. Similarly, in the study of DeClercq et al [ 31 ], participants with ulcerative colitis were characterized by significantly higher body mass and BMI than the control group. However, such observations may be typical especially in ulcerative colitis and not in Crohn’s disease, because individuals with Crohn’s disease tend to have a lower lean mass than those with ulcerative colitis [ 32 ].…”

Role of Obesity, Mesenteric Adipose Tissue, and Adipokines in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

“…Ge et al [148] demonstrated that apelin significantly ameliorates chronic colitis in IL-10 −/− mice, as demonstrated by the decreased disease activity index and inflammatory scores. In IL-10 −/− mice with spontaneous colitis, the administration of a new adipokine, metrnl, decreased pathological alterations in mWAT, increased adipocyte size and ameliorated inflammation [164].…”

“…Epidemiological studies suggest that both the development of obesity and IBD could generate a proinflammatory state through the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to the so-called Western diet [164,165]. A Japanese study investigated a possible link between the transition from a traditional diet to a high-fat Western diet, and increased incidence of CD [166].…”

Crohn's Disease and Nutrition Therapy

“…23 Crohn hastaları, sıklıkla anormal mezenterik adipoz dokuya sahiptir ve mezenterik yağın, proinflamatuar sitokinlerin bir kaynağı olduğu bulunmuştur. 24 Çalışmalarda, kontrol grubuna kıyasla Crohn hastalarında daha yüksek intra-abdominal/total abdominal yağ oranı ve viseral yağ dokusu alanı olduğu bulunmuştur. 25,26 Bağırsak etrafındaki bu aşırı yağ dokusu, sitokinlerin ve adipokinlerin salgılanması ile proinflamatuar bir ortama katkıda bulunur.…”

“…25,26 Bağırsak etrafındaki bu aşırı yağ dokusu, sitokinlerin ve adipokinlerin salgılanması ile proinflamatuar bir ortama katkıda bulunur. 24 İBH olan hastalarda, sıklıkla bağırsak mikrobiyotanın çeşitliliğinde azalma ile sonuçlanan bir disbiosis vardır. 27 Crohn hastalarında özellikle Proteobacteria ve Bifidobacteria gruplarının azaldığı, Firmicutes'in arttığı görülmektedir.…”