Differences between severely conduct-disorderedjuvenile males and normal juvenile males: the study ofpersonality traits

Dåderman, Anna Maria

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00186-x

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…DBDF-patients did emit higher rates of commiSSion errors than controls, although this difference was not statistically significant. These findings are consistent with previous research using self-report measures, which indicate that impulsivity is elevated among DBD patients (Daderman, 1999;Tranah et aI., 1998), especially among those with a history of fighting (Farrington et aI., 1990;Loeber et aI., 2000). Confirmation of these predicted group differences on the IMT/DMT supports the contention made in previous CPT literature (e.g., Dougherty, 1999;Dougherty, Bjork, et aI., 2000;Dougherty, Marsh, et aI., 2000;Dougherty, Moeller, et aI., 1999;Halperin et aI., 1988Halperin et aI., , 1991Marsh et aI., in press;Mathias, Dougherty, et aI., 2002;Smith, Kendrick, & Maben, 1992;Sostek et aI., 1980;Sykes et aI., 1973;Wohlberg & Kornetsky, 1973) that certain types of commission errors are related to patterns of observed impulsive behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Windle and Windle (1993) pOinted out that externalized disinhibition is a main feature of CD, and Milich and Kramer (1984, p. 57) noted that "impulsive behavior is considered an associated feature" of DBDs. Patients with these diagnoses have also been shown to score higher on self-report measures of impulsivity (Daderman, 1999;Tranah, Harnett, & Yule, 1998). Further, in one previous study of adults with childhood histories of CD, IMT/DMT commission error rates were elevated relative to controls (Dougherty, Bjork, et aI., 2000).…”

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confidence: 92%

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Validation of the Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks in Hospitalized Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders

et al. 2003

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This study explores concurrent and criterion validity of a Continuous Performance Test, the Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks (IMT/DMT). Concurrent validity was examined through comparison with collateral measures of impulsivity, while criterion validity was assessed by comparison of groups with differing levels of impulsive behavior, those with and without disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). DBDs in the DSM-IV include conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, which are both largely characterized by impulsive behaviors. We compared group performance on the IMT/DMT and several collateral measures of impulsivity between adolescent controls (n = 22) and psychiatric inpatients with a DBD diagnosis (n = 22). Data collected indicated that (1) DBD patients emitted more commission errors; (2) commission errors, but not correct detections, were significantly correlated with collateral measures of impulsivity, and (3) in posthoc comparisons, those DBD patients with histories of physical fighting emitted the greatest number of commission errors, followed by DBD nonfighters, and then controls. Similar group performance differences were observed for collateral impulSivity measures. This study supports the use of commission error rates on the Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks as a behavioral measure of impulsivity. With further development, objective measures like these may prove useful in clinical assessment procedures and in monitoring treatment outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 92%

Validation of the Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks in Hospitalized Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders

et al. 2003

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“…Despite a high prevalence of impulsivity among adolescent offenders (e.g., Daderman, 1999;Daderman et al, 2001;Luengo, Otero, Carrillo-de-la-Pena, & Miron, 1994), and a number of studies documenting a strong association between impulsive traits and HIV risk behavior in adults (Kelly, 1997;McCoul & C Haslam, 2001), relatively little attention has been focused on these relationships among incarcerated adolescents. This study confirms the existence of a relationship between impulsivity and a variety of HIV-risk related attitudes and behaviors even within a sample of adolescent offenders who might not have been expected to manifest a wide range of variability in impulsiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity and HIV Risk Among Adjudicated Alcohol- and Other Drug-Abusing Adolescent Offenders

Dévieux¹,

Malow²,

Stein³

et al. 2002

AIDS Education and Prevention

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Although impulsivity is likely to be related to HIV risk-particularly in incarcerated substanceabusing youth-this area of research has been understudied. To investigate the relationship between impulsivity and various HIV/AIDS risk behaviors and attitudes, a sample of court-referred and incarcerated culturally diverse inner-city adolescents (males: N = 266; females: N = 111) were divided into high and low impulsive groups based on the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory Impulsivity Scale. Findings showed that compared to the less impulsive group, the highly impulsive adolescents reported more frequent marijuana and alcohol use in the last 3 months as well as a significantly higher proportion of unprotected sex when high on alcohol and marijuana, higher perceived susceptibility to HIV, more AIDS-related anxiety, greater HIV knowledge, less sexual self-efficacy, and less favorable sexual attitudes. Implications for interventions among incarcerated youth are discussed.

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“…Conduct Disorder is one of the disorders where impulsivity is especially prominent and severe (Gorenstein & Newman, 1980;Milich & Kramer, 1984;Moeller et al, 2001). Studies have shown how self-reported and behavioral impulsivity are increased among those with CD (Daderman, 1999;Dougherty et al, 2003aDougherty et al, , 2003bTranah, Harnett, & Yule, 1998). In the current study, we were interested in examining performance on the different behavioral measures of impulsivity and how this performance might vary as a function of age of CD onset.…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

Mathias

Marsh-Richard

Dougherty

2008

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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The General Theory of Crime proposes that crime is explained by the combination of situational opportunity and lack of self-control. Impulsivity is one of the important components of selfcontrol. Because behavioral measures of impulsivity are becoming more commonly utilized to assess forensic populations, this manuscript provides an overview of three current behavioral measures. In doing so, an example of their application is provided using a group of individuals likely to come into contact with the legal system: adolescents with Conduct Disorder. Earlier age of onset of Conduct Disorder symptoms has been shown to be an important predictor of the persistence of poor outcomes into adulthood including participation in criminal activities. This study found differential behavioral profiles across distinct measures of impulsivity by those with childhood-versus adolescent-onset Conduct Disorder. Legal implications for defining behavioral deficits using behavioral measures of impulsivity and their current limitations are discussed. KeywordsImpulsivity; Conduct Disorder; Adolescence; Continuous Performance Task; Stop Task; Delay DiscountingThere is no such crime as a crime of thought; there are only crimes of actioñ Clarence DarrowTypically it is not an individual's goal to become incarcerated or otherwise experience consequences from the law, yet so frequently people behave in a manner that will most certainly lead to this outcome. Consider the case of Mr. A.W. who, in December 2007, was arrested after stealing a woman's Honda Accord in Durham, NC. Although auto theft is not rare, what is remarkable about the crime is that the theft occurred while the woman had just stepped out of her car to speak with police officers at an active crime scene that was being filmed by a crew from the local ABC news affiliate (WTVD, 2007). While this situation presented some opportunity for crime (the door was left open with the key in the ignition) it also included very clear deterrents (presence of police and being filmed). The failure of these deterrents to prevent this crime demonstrates that this individual observed the opportunity for immediate gain within this situation, yet lacked the ability to inhibit behavior despite the strong likelihood of negative consequences. This combination of opportunity and lack of control plays an important role in explaining criminal activity. In fact, the General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990) proposes that all crime can be explained by the combination of situational opportunity and lack of self-control of the The following is an overview of some of the current approaches to behavioral impulsivity assessment that will provide a basis for understanding the potential utility of these types of instruments for informing the legal process. NIH Public Access Utility of Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity for Informing the Legal ProcessThere are a variety of aspects of the law in which impulsivity assessment may play a role, ranging from criminal culpability and sentencing, to requi...

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Differences between severely conduct-disorderedjuvenile males and normal juvenile males: the study ofpersonality traits

Cited by 59 publications

References 42 publications

Validation of the Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks in Hospitalized Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Validation of the Immediate and Delayed Memory Tasks in Hospitalized Adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders

Impulsivity and HIV Risk Among Adjudicated Alcohol- and Other Drug-Abusing Adolescent Offenders

Behavioral measures of impulsivity and the law

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