Differences between Legumes and Nonlegumes of Permanent Grassland in Their Responses to Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: Its Effect on Competition in a Multispecies Mixture

Lúscher, A.; Hebeisen, Thomas; Zanetti, S.; Hartwig, Ueli A.; Blum, Hermann; Hendrey, George R.; Nösberger, J.

doi:10.1016/b978-012420870-4/50051-7

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As a result of the greater response of white clover in mixtures to CO 2 enrichment compared with that of ryegrass (Schenk et al, 1997), the white clover content of the swards was increased in all mixtures (e.g. mixture 75:25, Figure 2), which is in agreement with results from other studies (Newton et al, 1994;Clark et al, 1995;Lüscher et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

Schenk¹,

Jäger

Weigel³

1997

Grass and Forage Science

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In order to assess the effects of future elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations on yield, mineral content and the nutritive value of mixed swards of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), both species were grown as monocultures and as different mixtures and were exposed season-long to ambient (380 p.p.m.) and elevated (670 p.p.m.) CO 2 concentrations in open-top chambers. Mini-swards were cut four times at about monthly intervals at a height of 5 cm, dry-matter yields were determined and content of macroelements (N, P, K, S, Mg, Ca, Na) and crude fibre, crude protein and ash content were measured. The CO 2 -related increase in seasonal yield amounted to 16-38% for white clover monocultures, 12-29% for mixed swards and 5-9% for ryegrass monocultures. The white clover content of all swards was significantly enhanced by elevated CO 2 . The K and Na content of total yield was decreased by high CO 2 but did not fall below the minimum requirements for ruminants. As the Ca content of total yield was increased by elevated CO 2 and the P content was not changed, the Ca/P ratio of total yield was increased and exceeded values required for animal nutrition. The crude protein content of total yield was reduced by high CO 2 at the beginning of the growing season only and was increased by elevated CO 2 in the course of the experiment, whereas crude fibre content was decreased throughout the season, sometimes falling below the minimum requirement for ruminants. Removal of N, P, S, Mg and Ca by cutting was significantly enhanced because of CO 2 enrichment. The results show that, besides the positive effect of rising atmospheric CO 2 on dry-matter yield of white clover/ryegrass swards, impacts on the nutritive value should be expected. Possible changes in species composition and implications for grassland management are briefly discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

Schenk¹,

Jäger

Weigel³

1997

Grass and Forage Science

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“…The lack of a significant CO 2 ×genotype interaction reported in the literature for perennial species grown in competition, might be the consequence of the lack of analysis over long periods of time. Most results were obtained from spot measurements in time (Leadley and Stöcklin 1996;Lüscher et al 1996;Fajer et al 1992;Lüscher et al 1998;Castells et al 2002) or from repeated measures within a year (Volk and Körner 2001). In our study, after 2 years of growth at elevated CO 2 , the CO 2 ×genotype×time interaction was only marginally significant.…”

Section: Species' Responsesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Genotypic variation in the response of two perennial grass species to elevated carbon dioxide

et al. 2002

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Shoot and reproductive biomass of genotypes of Bromus erectus and Dactylis glomerata grown in competition at ambient and elevated CO were examined for 2 consecutive years in order to test whether genetic variation in those traits exists and whether it is maintained over time. At the species level, a positive CO response of shoot biomass of both species was only found in the first year of treatment. At the genotype level, no significant CO×genotype interaction was found at any single harvest either for vegetative or reproductive biomass of either species. Analysis over time, however, indicated that there is a potential for evolutionary adaptation only for D. glomerata: (1) repeated measures ANOVA detected a marginally significant CO×genotype×time interaction for shoot biomass, because the range of the genotypes CO response increased over time; (2) genotypes that displayed the highest response during the first year under elevated CO also showed the highest response the second year. Null (B. erectus) or weak (D. glomerata) selective potentials of elevated CO were detected in this experiment, but short time series could underestimate this potential with perennial species.

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“…A study conducted by Bazzaz et al (1995) on populations of both Abutilon theophrasti and Betula alleghaniensis , which revealed genetic differentiation within populations to CO 2 , showed that those individuals which responded favourably to elevated CO 2 in the absence of competition did not have the highest fitness in competitive stands. A number of other studies of grassland species have however, revealed no genetic variability in the responses of species to enhanced CO 2 (Leadley & Stocklin 1996; Luscher et al 1996; Luscher, Hendrey & Nosberger 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Responses to elevated temperature and CO₂ in the perennial grass Agrostis curtisii in relation to population origin

Norton

Firbank²,

Gray³

et al. 1999

Functional Ecology

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1. Evolutionary responses to climate change will depend on the presence of heritable variation within species populations for traits that increase fitness under the changing conditions. Patterns of ecotypic differentiation in relation to latitude in some species suggest that such variation exists in relation to temperature responses. Response to elevated CO2, whether heritable or not, is not expected to be related to latitudinal or climatic differences within temperate regions. 2. To test these ideas, seeds were collected from 10 populations of the outbreeding perennial grass Agrostis curtisii across its range in Europe from south Wales to Portugal. Plants were grown under ambient and elevated temperature and CO2 conditions, in a factorial design, in solardomes; two half sibs from each population were planted in separate pots in each of the two replicate domes with each combination of treatments. One half sib was harvested at the end of the first summer, the second at the end of the second summer. 3. Survival was uniformly high and flowering uniformly low across treatments and populations. 4. Responses to temperature and CO2 treatments varied over time for almost all populations. Treatment effects were not significant on plants harvested in year 1, although there was a trend towards higher shoot biomass under the elevated temperature and CO2 treatment. In year 2 shoot biomass was significantly higher under the elevated temperature treatment across all populations and there was a strong trend towards decreased biomass under elevated CO2. 5. There were no significant correlations of plant response to either CO2 or temperature with climate at origin. 6. These results warn of the dangers of extrapolating evolutionary plant responses to CO2 from short‐term experiments.

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Differences between Legumes and Nonlegumes of Permanent Grassland in Their Responses to Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: Its Effect on Competition in a Multispecies Mixture

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

Genotypic variation in the response of two perennial grass species to elevated carbon dioxide

Responses to elevated temperature and CO₂ in the perennial grass Agrostis curtisii in relation to population origin

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Differences between Legumes and Nonlegumes of Permanent Grassland in Their Responses to Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment: Its Effect on Competition in a Multispecies Mixture

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

Genotypic variation in the response of two perennial grass species to elevated carbon dioxide

Responses to elevated temperature and CO2 in the perennial grass Agrostis curtisii in relation to population origin

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The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover mini‐swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations: effects on yield and fodder quality

Responses to elevated temperature and CO₂ in the perennial grass Agrostis curtisii in relation to population origin