Differences between human and mouse alpha‐fetoprotein expression during early development

Jones, Elizabeth A.; Clement-Jones, Mark; James, Oliver; Wilson, David I.

doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19850555.x

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…a-Foetoprotein (AFP) is a product of both the yolk sac and the foetal liver (Jones et al 2001) and an initial study suggested that serum AFP was elevated in tubal ectopic pregnancy (Grosskinsky et al 1993). However, a subsequent study has not confirmed this finding (Kuscu et al 1993) and it is known from serum screening programmes that threatened abortion can increase serum AFP in ongoing pregnancies.…”

Section: Activin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum biomarkers of tubal ectopic pregnancy: current candidates and future possibilities

Cartwright¹,

Duncan²,

Critchley³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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Ectopic pregnancy remains a considerable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, it is diagnosed using a combination of transvaginal ultrasound and serial serum b-human chorionic gonadotrophin levels. Diagnosis is often delayed and these tests are time-consuming and costly, both psychologically to the patient and financially to health services. The development of a biomarker that can differentiate a tubal ectopic from an intrauterine implantation is therefore important. In the pre-genomic era, a one-by-one scientific approach has revealed over 20 candidate biomarkers that could be used as a test to diagnose ectopic pregnancy although at present their clinical utility is very limited. These biomarkers cluster into themes: markers of abnormal embryo/trophoblast growth, markers of abnormal corpus luteum function, markers of a growing pregnancy in the Fallopian tube, markers of inflammation and peritoneal irritation, and uterine markers of normal implantation. It is likely that this thematic approach will facilitate the identification of newer biomarkers using microarray technology and inform the development of investigative paradigms using multiple markers at the time of presentation.

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Section: Activin Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum biomarkers of tubal ectopic pregnancy: current candidates and future possibilities

Cartwright¹,

Duncan²,

Critchley³

et al. 2009

Reproduction

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“…AFP is expressed in the VE and fetal liver (Jones et al, 2001;Meehan et al, 1984) and is commonly used as a marker of VE and definitive endoderm (DE) in EB studies (Conley et al, Journal of Cell Science 119 (4) Fig. 3.…”

Section: Tgf␤1 Reduces Hematopoiesis In Ebsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGFβ inhibition of yolk-sac-like differentiation of human embryonic stem-cell-derived embryoid bodies illustrates differences between early mouse and human development

Poon

Clermont

Firpo

et al. 2006

Journal of Cell Science

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Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) plays an important role in development and maintenance of murine yolk sac vascular development. Targeted deletions of Tgfb1 and other components of this signaling pathway, such as Acvrl1, Tgfbr1 and Tgfbr2, result in abnormal vascular development especially of the yolk sac, leading to embryonic lethality. There are significant differences between murine and primate development that limit interpretation of studies from mouse models. Thus, to examine the role of TGFβ in early human vascular development we used the model of differentiating human embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies to recapitulate early stages of embryonic development. TGFβ was applied for different time frames after initiation of embryoid body cultures to assess its effect on differentiation. TGFβ inhibited the expression of endodermal, endothelial and hematopoietic markers, which contrasts with findings in the mouse in which TGFβ reduced the level of endodermal markers but increased endothelial marker expression. The inhibition observed was not due to changes in proliferation or apoptosis. This marked contrast between the two species may reflect the different origins of the yolk sac hemangiogenic lineages in mouse and human. TGFβ effects on the hypoblast, from which these cell lineages are derived in human, would decrease subsequent differentiation of hematopoietic, endothelial and endodermal cells. By contrast, TGFβ action on murine hypoblast, while affecting endoderm would not affect the hemangiogenic lineages that are epiblast-derived in the mouse. This study highlights important differences between early human and mouse embryonic development and suggests a role of TGFβ in human hypoblast differentiation.

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“…Among these proteins, AFP is expressed already in early hepatoblasts and later on with increasing levels throughout the fetal development. After birth the AFP gene is selectively silenced (Jones et al, 2001). In contrast, the ALB gene codes for the most abundant serum protein synthesized by the mature liver (Kamiya et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative gene expression profiling reveals a fetal hepatic phenotype of murine ES-derived hepatocytes.

Jochheim

Hillemann²,

Kania³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Differences between human and mouse alpha‐fetoprotein expression during early development

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Serum biomarkers of tubal ectopic pregnancy: current candidates and future possibilities

Serum biomarkers of tubal ectopic pregnancy: current candidates and future possibilities

TGFβ inhibition of yolk-sac-like differentiation of human embryonic stem-cell-derived embryoid bodies illustrates differences between early mouse and human development

Quantitative gene expression profiling reveals a fetal hepatic phenotype of murine ES-derived hepatocytes.

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