Differences between Children and Adults with COVID-19: It’s Right under Our Nose

Morrell, Eric D.; Mikacenic, Carmen

doi:10.1165/rcmb.2021-0455ed

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This research also found a higher mortality rate among COVID-19 patients compared to those with FLU or RSV, mainly among adults. Among the 252 pediatric COVID-19 patients, despite a higher hospitalization rate compared to adults, there were no fatalities, aligning with studies suggesting children manage COVID-19 infections more effectively [ 21 ]. Extended EDLOS for COVID-19 patients were likely due to isolation requirements until hospital isolation beds became available.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Children and Adults: A Clinical Comparative Study of 12,000 Cases

Kwon,

Paek,

Park

et al. 2024

JCM

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(1) Background: Respiratory virus infections, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), seasonal influenza (FLU), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as prominent examples, can severely affect both children and adults. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of respiratory viral infections in pediatric and adult populations and to identify determinants influencing patient hospitalization. (2) Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the electronic medical records of patients admitted to a regional hospital’s emergency department from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022, to investigate the clinical characteristics and hospitalization risk factors associated with these three viruses. (3) Results: Infants aged 1 to 11 months were most affected by COVID-19 and RSV, whereas FLU more commonly infected children aged 3 to 5 years. Key factors influencing hospitalization included age and abnormal chest X-ray findings, with higher risks observed in younger children and adults over 65. Notably, the presence of abnormal chest x-ray findings significantly increased the hospitalization risk by 1.9 times [1.5–2.4] in children and 21.4 times [2.4–189.0] in adults. (4) Conclusions: This analysis underscores the impact of COVID-19, FLU, and RSV on hospitalization risk, offering insights for managing these respiratory viral infections (RVIs). Age-related risk differences highlight the necessity for tailored strategies, improving understanding of and treatment development for RVIs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Children and Adults: A Clinical Comparative Study of 12,000 Cases

Kwon,

Paek,

Park

et al. 2024

JCM

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“…Every item avails itself of a 4-point scoring system, wherein higher scores are emblematic of elevated anxiety or depression levels. The scale's Cronbach's alpha values are frequently situated between 0.70 and 0.90, contingent upon the population under investigation, testifying to its reliability [19].…”

Section: Questionnaires and Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, while the pandemic affected the health of children less severely in terms of physical manifestations compared to that of adults [18,19], its indirect effects-including interruptions in regular care, therapy sessions, and social interactions vital for their psychological well-being-cannot be understated. For families, the dual challenge of navigating the pandemic's general stressors while ensuring optimal care for their children with neuropsychiatric conditions may have led to elevated stress dynamics, potentially affecting family cohesion, mental well-being, and overall quality of life [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Dynamics in Families with Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Year Longitudinal Assessment

Gruescu,

Popoiu,

Levai

et al. 2023

JCM

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Background and Objectives: This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with children diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on stress dynamics and quality of life. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted over three years (2020–2022) involving 168 families. The survey included data on demographics, diagnosed conditions, access to therapies, mental well-being, and perceived challenges. Results: The study involved 62, 51, and 55 families in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. ADHD emerged as the most prevalent condition, diagnosed in approximately 32% of the children. The pandemic significantly affected therapy access, with parents reporting a decrease from an average score of 8.1 in 2020 to 6.5 in 2022 (p = 0.029). Parents also reported increased feelings of being overwhelmed, peaking at 8.0 in 2021 before declining to 6.3 in 2022 (p = 0.017). Despite these challenges, there was a positive trend in family mental well-being, with scores increasing from 5.1 in 2020 to 6.7 in 2022 (p = 0.031). The Parental Stress Index (PSI) indicated decreasing trends in Emotional Stress and Parent–Child Communication Difficulties (p < 0.001), and Behavioral Challenges in children showed a significant reduction across the years (p < 0.001). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) reflected a moderate reduction in anxiety levels from 7.6 in 2020 to 6.0 in 2022 (p = 0.038), although depression scores did not show a significant change. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced notable challenges for families with neuropsychiatrically diagnosed children, particularly in therapy access and increased parental stress. However, the study also reveals a general improvement in family dynamics, mental well-being, and a decrease in behavioral challenges over time. The necessity of this study stems from the critical need to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with neuropsychiatrically diagnosed children, focusing on their resilience and adaptation in navigating therapy access, parental stress, and overall mental well-being.

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has had a significant impact on global health, with various age groups being affected differently [1,2]. While adults have been more susceptible to severe forms of the disease, infants and children have generally exhibited milder symptoms [3,4]. Still, comprehending the association between serum biomarkers and lung ultrasonography findings in this susceptible population is crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, children are often infected by a second or third generation of the virus, which has been described as having decreased in pathogenicity. Moreover, the increased presence of viruses and bacteria in the mucosal lining of children may restrict the establishment and proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 due to microbial interactions and competition [3,5,6]. Another crucial factor is that children have demonstrated a lower expression of the angiotensinconverting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor, as indicated by several studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratifying Disease Severity in Pediatric COVID-19: A Correlative Study of Serum Biomarkers and Lung Ultrasound—A Retrospective Observational Dual-Center Study

Stoicescu,

Iacob,

Ilie

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has manifested distinct impacts on infants and children. This study delves into the intricate connection between lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and serum biomarkers in neonates and infants with COVID-19. Exploring factors contributing to the mild symptoms in this demographic, including immune responses and pre-existing immunity, the study spans 3 years and 9 months, involving 42 patients. Respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms predominate, and LUS emerges as a vital, non-irradiating tool for evaluating pulmonary abnormalities. Serum biomarkers like CRP, procalcitonin, and cytokines provide key insights into the pathophysiology. Correlations reveal nuanced links between LUS score and clinical parameters, unveiling associations with hospitalization duration (rho = 0.49), oxygen saturation (rho = −0.88), and inflammatory markers, like ferritin (rho = 0.62), LDH (rho = 0.73), and D-dimer (rho = 0.73) with significance level (p < 0.05). The absence of large consolidations in LUS suggests unique pulmonary characteristics. The novelty of these findings lies in the comprehensive integration of LUS with serum biomarkers to assess and monitor the severity of lung involvement in neonates and infants affected by SARS-CoV-2. This approach offers valuable insights into disease severity, biomarker levels, the duration of hospitalization, and oxygen saturation, providing a multifaceted understanding of COVID-19’s impact on this vulnerable population.

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Differences between Children and Adults with COVID-19: It’s Right under Our Nose

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Children and Adults: A Clinical Comparative Study of 12,000 Cases

COVID-19, Influenza, and RSV in Children and Adults: A Clinical Comparative Study of 12,000 Cases

Stress Dynamics in Families with Children with Neuropsychiatric Disorders during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Year Longitudinal Assessment

Stratifying Disease Severity in Pediatric COVID-19: A Correlative Study of Serum Biomarkers and Lung Ultrasound—A Retrospective Observational Dual-Center Study

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