Differences and similarities of risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts among patients with depressive or bipolar disorders

Abstract

Risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts may diverge both qualitatively and in terms of dose response. When effects of risk factors from multiple domains are concurrently examined, proximal clinical characteristics remain the most robust. All risk factors cluster into the group of repeated attempters.

Associations among Substance Use, Mental Health Disorders, and Self-Harm in a Prison Population: Examining Group Risk for Suicide Attempt

“…However, the lower odds for women attempting suicide may be explained by their greater likelihood for utilizing mental health services than men [50]. There were no significant difference ( p = 0.12) in suicide attempts in regard to age, which did not coincide with investigations with non-offenders [20,27,29,41,51]. The population that smoked tobacco, as well as the group with bipolar, depression, or bipolar with anxiety disorder, had significantly greater odds for attempting suicide compared to offenders who did not smoke or have these mental health disorders, which investigations of non-imprisoned populations have found [8,33,52,53,54].…”

“…Further, the population that was solely diagnosed with either anxiety [24,31,55] or a psychotic disorder [29,56] did not have greater odds for suicide attempts compared to peers without these mental health disorders. Although alcohol and cannabis were not associated independently with suicide attempts their co-occurrence with depression resulted in significantly greater odds for trying to commit suicide.…”

“…In particular, depression and bipolar with anxiety disorders are strongly associated with suicidal ideation, attempts, and completion [3,20,21,22,23,24,26,29,30,31]. Individuals with SUD also have greater incidence of suicidal ideation and attempts compared to the population who do not have a problem with substances [32,33].…”

“…Co-occurrence of SUD and mental health disorders increases the risk of suicidal ideation, attempts, and completion [2,3,4,5,6,7,27,28,33]. Cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine (tobacco smoking) use disorders that co-occur with mental health disorders significantly increase the risk of suicides [4,5,29,34,35,36]. …”

Perceptions of Past Parenting and Adult Attachment as Vulnerability Factors for Suicidal Ideation in the Context of the Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behavior

“…Therefore, the investigation of diathesis (vulnerability) factors is a fundamental step to understanding and preventing the emergence of suicidal thinking. There is growing evidence supporting the hypothesis that insecure orientations of attachment relationships may be a vulnerability factor for suicidal ideation and behavior (e.g., Aaltonen et al, 2016;Adam et al, 1996;Fergusson et al, 2000;Grunebaum et al, 2010;Levi-Belz et al, 2013;Lizardi et al, 2011;Sheftall et al, 2014;Stepp et al, 2008;Yaseen et al, 2014). Insecure attachment orientations are defined as strategies to manage distress when attachment figures (intimate others) are not present or not open and receptive when individuals are threatened by fearful or anxiety-provoking events.…”