Differences and Similarities in how Psychopathic Traits Predict Attachment Insecurity in Females and Males

Walsh, Hannah C.; Roy, Sandeep; Lasslett, Heather; Neumann, Craig S.

doi:10.1007/s10862-018-9704-4

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Thus, it may be the degree of severity—rather than different types—of impairments in ER propensities that matter for personality pathology, in line with recent dimensional models of personality disorders (Morey, 2017). If impairments in ER can be corroborated as a transdiagnostic factor underlying the expression of many personality disorders, including psychopathy, future research seems warranted to examine what distinguishes the different forms of personality pathology, for example, investigating ER in combination with early temperamental or basic personality dispositions (DeLisi & Vaughn, 2015; Lynam & Miller, 2015), as well as attachment disturbances (Walsh et al, 2018). Furthermore, these results may have important practical implications, as they suggest that psychopathic individuals may benefit from treatments aimed at improving ER skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Psychopathy and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale in Incarcerated Males: A Combined Latent Variable- and Person-Centered Approach

Garofalo

Neumann²,

Mark

2019

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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The present study sought to replicate and extend current knowledge on the relevance of emotion regulation (ER) for psychopathy. In a large sample of incarcerated adult males ( N = 578), latent profile analysis (LPA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to examine person- and variable-centered associations between self-reported ER and both self-report and clinical ratings of psychopathy. With LPA, participants were classified into three profiles corresponding to low, medium, and high ER. The low-ER profile displayed higher affective traits across psychopathy assessments compared with the other profiles. The same pattern of findings was evident for overt behavioral features of psychopathy, but not for interpersonal traits. SEM results were consistent with LPA findings: interpersonal (positively), affective, and lifestyle (negatively) facets had unique associations with a superordinate ER latent variable. Findings replicate and extend prior associations between psychopathy and ER and suggest differential links between ER and affective and interpersonal traits of psychopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Psychopathy and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale in Incarcerated Males: A Combined Latent Variable- and Person-Centered Approach

Garofalo

Neumann²,

Mark

2019

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…Considering the strong support from the literature it is hypothesised that: 1) CU traits will manifest differently across genders with males reporting higher levels of CU traits compared to females (Ciucci et al, 2014;Fanti et al, 2018). 2) Avoidance and anxiety attachment dimensions are expected to be significantly associated with CU traits, however due to mixed findings (Blanchard & Lyons, 2016;Mack et al, 2011;Walsh et al, 2019), we do not hypothesise the direction of these associations or their relationships with genders. 3) Among parental factors, there is strong support that mothers are more influential figures so it is expected that maternal factors will contribute more than paternal factors in relation to CU traits in both genders (Bisby et al, 2017;Rothbaum & Weisz, 1994).…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Several retrospective studies indicate that participants scoring high on psychopathic traits and anxiety attachment dimension, recall problematic childhood environments; involving lack of affection and warmth, parental neglect or separation and severe punishment strategies used by caregivers (Frodi et al, 2001;Waller et al, 2019). Literature also supports that psychopathic traits, especially the affective dimension, is associated with avoidance attachment in both males and females (Walsh et al, 2019). However, it is still unclear whether anxiety or avoidance attachment has the greatest association with CU traits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adult attachment and psychopathic traits: Investigating the role of gender, maternal and paternal factors

et al. 2021

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Individuals with psychopathic traits have been identified to display insecure attachment. However, it is not clear which attachment dimension contributes more to high psychopathic traits, and more specifically to callous-unemotional (CU) traits, which parental relationship is more influential and if this differs across gender. This study examined the associations of adult attachment dimensions (avoidance and anxiety) and parental factors (regard, responsibility and control) with CU traits (N = 1149) using Hierarchical Linear Regression. The relationship with both parents was assessed separately to identify their unique contribution to CU traits in males and females respectively. The avoidant attachment positively predicted while the anxiety attachment dimension negatively predicted CU traits and this was the case for both male and female participants. Interestingly, maternal regard was a negative predictor of CU traits in males only, whereas paternal responsibility arose as a positive predictor of CU traits in females only. Attachment dimensions explained the largest variance in both males and females. Findings point to the importance of attachment dimensions contributing to CU traits even in an adult sample. Parental variables were less influential on CU traits compared to attachment related variables and findings suggest that there are differences between males and females. These findings have important implications for gender differentiated attachment based interventions for individuals with CU traits.

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“…To assure that there was invariance of measurement across the sexes, a strong invariance approach was used for the SEM (Walsh et al, 2019). Note, however, that the same substantive results were obtained when the SEMs were run separately for males and females.…”

Section: Data Analytic Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with robust maximum likelihood estimation was used to examine the associations between latent amygdala activation variables and Big Five, INT, and EXT scale scores. SEM is a rigorous statistical method that allows investigators to model the underlying latent variables (LVs) among a set of measures (e.g., amygdala activation) while also allowing the regression of relevant factors or scales (e.g., NEO, INT, EXT) onto the LVs (Walsh et al, 2019). SEM's advantages over classical test theory include modeling error separately from common variance, specifying clear item-to-factor relations, and yielding robust evidence of construct validity (Strauss & Smith, 2009).…”

Section: Data Analytic Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural equation modeling of the associations between amygdala activation, personality, and internalizing, externalizing symptoms of psychopathology

Neumann

2020

Personality Neuroscience

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There is an expanding literature on the theoretical and empirical connections between personality and psychopathology, and their shared neurobiological correlates. Recent cybernetic theories of personality and psychopathology, as well as affective neuroscience theory, provide grounding for understanding neurobiological–personality–psychopathology (NPP) associations. With the emergence of large sample datasets (e.g., Human Connectome Project) advanced quantitative modeling can be used to rigorously test dynamic statistical representations of NPP connections. Also, research suggests that these connections are influenced by sex, and large samples provide the opportunity to examine how NPP associations might be moderated by sex. The current study used a large sample from the Duke Neurogenetics Study (DNS) to examine how amygdala activation to facial expressions was linked with self-report of personality traits and clinical interviews of internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology. Structural equation modeling results revealed direct associations of amygdala activation with personality trait expression, as well as indirect associations (though personality) with symptoms of psychopathology. Moreover, the NPP links were moderated by sex. The current results are in line with research that identifies a broader role played by the amygdala in personality and provide potential insights for continued research in personality neuroscience and recent theories on the neurobiology of personality.

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Differences and Similarities in how Psychopathic Traits Predict Attachment Insecurity in Females and Males

Cited by 18 publications

References 94 publications

Associations Between Psychopathy and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale in Incarcerated Males: A Combined Latent Variable- and Person-Centered Approach

Associations Between Psychopathy and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale in Incarcerated Males: A Combined Latent Variable- and Person-Centered Approach

Adult attachment and psychopathic traits: Investigating the role of gender, maternal and paternal factors

Structural equation modeling of the associations between amygdala activation, personality, and internalizing, externalizing symptoms of psychopathology

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