Differences and similarities between extremely severe oligozoospermia and cryptozoospermia in intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Abstract

Patients with extremely severe oligozoospermia (ESO) and cryptozoospermia (CO) are suitable using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as an infertility treatment. However, some andrologists are confused to distinguish ESO and CO in clinic diagnose. This study was designed for the first time to evaluate and compare patients with ESO and CO to determine whether these are useful clinical distinctions. A total of 270 infertile men in our center were classified into four groups as Group nonobstruction azoospermia (NOA, n = 44), Group ESO (n = 78), Group CO (n = 40), and Group obstruction azoospermia (OA, n = 108). Comparisons of the volume of bilateral testes, the level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B were obtained in four groups. Then comparisons of fertilization rates, cleavage rate, and excellent embryos rate were obtained when couples performed ICSI. All indexes (volume of bilateral testis, level of FSH and inhibin B) in Groups ESO and CO were no difference, while Groups OA versus NOA, OA versus ESO, and OA versus CO were significant differences (P < 0.05). The rates of fertilization were no differences in Groups ESO and CO while Groups OA versus ESO, OA versus CO were significant differences (P < 0.05). Therefore, the spermatogenic functions in patients with CO and ESO were similar, better than NOA but worse than OA. However, it would be helpful to evaluate their spermatogenesis using testicular biopsies, especially accompanied azoospermia in clinical practice.

Relationship of genetic causes and inhibin B in non obstructive azoospermia spermatogenic failure

“…FSH has considerable biological role in testicular function. Lacking of FSH would shorten testis size, sperm concentration and sperm motility, so FSH plays a important role in boosting cells proliferation and is desired for normal sperm production [ 12 ]. FSH induces the Sertoli cells to secrete inhibin and androgen-binding protein and plays a major role in initiation and progression of spermatogenesis.…”

Scrotal hemorrhage after testicular sperm aspiration may be associated with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor administration: a retrospective study

“…Inclusion criteria for the drug group were: (1) had ejaculation by masturbation successfully more than twice, (2) were not able to ejaculation on the day of oocyte retrieval, (3) sperm were identified on semen analyses. Inclusion criteria for the control group were: (1) previously identified azoospermia, which contained obstruction azoospermia and non- obstruction azoospermia, or cryptozoospermia [ 2 ], (2) testis volumes were more than 8 mL. Patients in the drug group were all sperm retrieval performed by TESA successfully.…”

Male Infertility in Cryptozoospermia or Severe Oligozoospermia is sperm Useful Cryopreservation

“…Also, the prostate gland and dorsal prostatic secretions, which are required for sperm motility, had morphological prostate alterations and secretion modification at aging rats Also, the study results showed a link between sperm immobility and motility and a failure in the prostatic function in old male rats, when sperm motility was decreased at both 12 months, 24 months of age (Lucio., et al 2013) (Figure 2). Moreover, any medicine, tumour, illness, or disorder that influences the pituitary gland or hypothalamus could be a potential cause of male infertility through modifying gonadotropic releasing hormone or producing gonadotropin as idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), Kallmann syndrome (IHH with anosmia), and mixed pituitary hormone deficiency (Leslie SW., et al [3]. In addition, pituitary tumours like sellar tumours, macroadenomas, and prolactinomas can also rise in male infertility due to changes in gonadotropin hormone production and Besides, sev-eral genetic causes Prader-Willi, Young, and Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndromes, can lead to male infertility.…”

“…centration; this condition is diagnosed as a severe oligozoospermia (ESO)(Deng., et al 2015) [5]. ESO that has not been described by the World Health Organization is explicitly a state that spermatozoa concentration is <1 × 106 ml−1, based on the definition of severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia by various studies.…”