Difference in the size of the placenta and umbilical cord between women with natural pregnancy and those with IVF pregnancy

Yanaihara, Atsushi; Hatakeyama, Shota; Ohgi, Shirei; Motomura, Kenichirou; Taniguchi, Ryoma; Hirano, Aguri; Takenaka, Shin; Yanaihara, Takumi

doi:10.1007/s10815-017-1084-2

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…By birth, iVF-eT placentas were found to be heavier than the control group (76). likewise, placentas in humans following iVF-eT were overrepresented in the highest quartile of weight, and the placenta weight/birth weight ratio was frequently higher even after adjusting for potential confounding factors (77). a larger placenta is not necessarily synonymous with a higher efficiency in oxygen and nutrient transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

In�vitro fertilization and embryo transfer alter human placental function through trophoblasts in early pregnancy

et al. 2020

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The mechanism underlying the potential risk associated with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (iVF-eT) has been previously investigated but remains to be fully elucidated. as the placenta is a critical organ that sustains and protects the fetus, this is an important area of research. The aim of the present study was to determine the difference in trophoblast cell function in the first trimester between naturally conceived pregnancies and pregnancies achieved via iVF-eT therapy. a total of 20 placental villi in first trimester samples were obtained through fetal bud aspiration from patients undergoing iVF-eT due to oviductal factors between January 2016 and august 2018. in addition, a further 20 placental villi were obtained from those who naturally conceived and had normal pregnancies but were undergoing artificial abortion; these patients were recruited as the controls. reverse transcription-quantitative (rT-q)Pcr and semi-quantitative immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the mrna and protein expression of α-fetoprotein (aFP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VeGF), transferrin (TF), tubulin β1 class Vi (TuBB1), metallothionein 1G (MT1G), Bcl2, glial cells missing transcription factor 1 (GcM1), epidermal growth factor (eGF) receptor (eGFr), PTen and leukocyte associated immunoglobulin like receptor 2 (lair2) in villi from both groups. differentially expressed genes were analyzed using Search Tool for the retrieval of interacting Genes, and Kyoto encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KeGG) pathway analysis was conducted. The rT-qPcr data revealed that the mRNA expression levels of AFP, VEGF and TF were significantly higher in the iVF-eT group than in the control group (P<0.05), and those of TuBB1, MT1G, Bcl2, GcM1, eGFr, PTEN and LAIR2 were significantly lower (P<0.05). These gene products were expressed in the placental villus tissues, either in the cytoplasm, or in the membrane of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells. The immunohistochemistry results were in line with those observed using rT-qPcr. KeGG pathway analysis indicated that the trophoblast cell function of the IVF-ET group in the first trimester was different from naturally conceived pregnancies with regard to proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and vascular development. The iVF-eT process may trigger adaptive placental responses, and these compensatory mechanisms could be a risk for certain diseases later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

In�vitro fertilization and embryo transfer alter human placental function through trophoblasts in early pregnancy

et al. 2020

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“…multiple pregnancies. The incidence of VCI was reported to be low among singleton pregnancies, ranging from 0.4% [9] to 11.0% [41], with 11.0% appearing to be an outlier, given the second highest reported incidence value being 3.6% [41]. Incidence was reported to be higher in twin pregnancies (Fig.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…2). VCI was reported to have a strong association with low cord insertion [39], a variable (weak to strong) association with in vitro fertilisation (IVF) [4,7,8,41], a moderate association with placenta praevia [4,7,8] and a weak to moderate association with nulliparity [3,8] (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Velamentous cord insertion: results from a rapid review of incidence, risk factors, adverse outcomes and screening

Buchanan-Hughes

Bobrowska

Visintin³

et al. 2020

Syst Rev

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Background: Velamentous cord insertion (VCI) is an umbilical cord attachment to the membranes surrounding the placenta instead of the central mass. VCI is strongly associated with vasa praevia (VP), where umbilical vessels lie in close proximity to the internal cervical os. VP leaves the vessels vulnerable to rupture, which can lead to fatal fetal exsanguination. Screening for VP using second-trimester transabdominal sonography (TAS) to detect VCI has been proposed. We conducted a rapid review investigating the quality, quantity and direction of evidence available on the epidemiology, screening test accuracy and post-screening management pathways for VCI. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched on 5 July 2016 and again on 11 October 2019, using general search terms for VP and VCI. Only peer-reviewed articles reporting on the epidemiology of VCI, the accuracy of the screening test and/or downstream management pathways for VCI pregnancies were included. Quality and risk of bias of each included study were assessed using pre-specified tools. Results: Forty-one relevant publications were identified; all but one were based on non-UK pregnancy cohorts, and most included relatively few VCI cases. The estimated incidence of VCI was 0.4-11% in singleton pregnancies, with higher incidence in twin pregnancies (1.6-40%). VCI incidence was also increased among pregnancies with one or more other risk factors, including in vitro fertilisation pregnancies or nulliparity. VCI incidence among women without any known risk factors was unclear. VCI was associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, most notably pre-term birth and emergency caesarean section in singleton pregnancies, and perinatal mortality in twins; however, associations varied across studies and the increased risk was typically low or moderate compared with pregnancies without VCI. In studies on limited numbers of cases, screening for VCI using TAS had good overall accuracy, driven by high specificity. No studies on post-screening management of VCI were identified. Conclusions: Literature on VCI epidemiology and outcomes is limited and low-quality. The accuracy of secondtrimester TAS and the benefits and harms of screening cannot be determined without prospective studies in large cohorts. Modelling studies may indicate the feasibility and value of studying the epidemiology of VCI and the potential impact of detecting VCI as part of a population screening programme for VP.

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“…Human cohort and population studies have either found higher placental weight 30,38 or placental weights that are not significantly different between ART and non-ART pregnancies. [39][40][41][42] While increased placental weight may not be an outcome of all ART-conceived pregnancies, for those ART pregnancies that do result in increased placental weight, it may represent a biologically meaningful outcome with short-and long-term health implications for the offspring. Thus, an important theme of this review is that investigating the underlying mechanisms and consequences involved in ART pregnancies that do result in placental macroscopic, microscopic, and/or molecular abnormalities cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Morphological Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Placenta: Clinical, Morphological, and Molecular Outcomes

Riesche

Bartolomei

2018

Semin Reprod Med

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As the biological bridge between mother and fetus, the placenta is not only important for the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy but it also impacts the lifelong health of the fetus. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) involve procedures and exposures that are not characteristic of in vivo reproduction. Moreover, ART procedures occur when the gametes and embryos are undergoing extensive epigenetic reprogramming. Thus, the oxidative, thermal, and mechanical stress that ART procedures introduce can impact the biological processes of placental growth, development, and function with potentially long-lasting health effects for the offspring. Here, we focus on the placenta and summarize the clinical, morphological, and molecular outcomes of ART. This review highlights that ART procedures have additive effects on placental morphology as well as epigenetic disturbances and provides a foundation for reconceptualizing ART outcomes.

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Difference in the size of the placenta and umbilical cord between women with natural pregnancy and those with IVF pregnancy

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

In�vitro fertilization and embryo transfer alter human placental function through trophoblasts in early pregnancy

In�vitro fertilization and embryo transfer alter human placental function through trophoblasts in early pregnancy

Velamentous cord insertion: results from a rapid review of incidence, risk factors, adverse outcomes and screening

Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Placenta: Clinical, Morphological, and Molecular Outcomes

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