Difference in energy metabolism and protein retention of limit-fed growing pigs of several breeds.

Henken, A.M.; Hel, W. van der; Brandsma, H.A.; Verstegen, M.W.A.

doi:10.2527/1991.6941443x

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, selection for low heat loss, and thus low maintenance requirement, also results in low activity. This is supported by a swine study by Henken et al (1991). If the reverse were true, animals selected for low activity would also have low maintenance requirements and reduce the overall production costs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Activity plays a significant role in the energy expenditure of cattle (Nienaber et al, 1985), swine (Halter et al, 1980;Verstegen et al, 1982;Henken et al, 1991), poultry (MacLeod et al, 1982;Luiting et al,1991), and mice (Daucey, 1986;Moruppa, 1990;Bunger et al, 1998). Activity is positively correlated with heat loss (Moruppa, 1990), feed intake (Voisinet et al, 1997), and core body temperature (Gordon, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locomotor activity, core body temperature, and circadian rhythms in mice selected for high or low heat loss.

Mousel

Stroup

Nielsen

2001

Journal of Animal Science

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Daily locomotor activity, core body temperature, and their circadian rhythms were measured in lines of mice selected for high (MH) or low (ML) heat loss and unselected controls (MC). Lines were created by selecting for 16 generations in each of three replicates. Collection of locomotor activity and core temperature data spanned Generations 20 and 21 for a total of 352 mice. Physical activity and core body temperature data were accumulated using implanted transmitters and continuous automated collection. Measurement for each animal was for 3 d. Activity was recorded for each half hour and then averaged for the day; temperature was averaged daily; circadian rhythm was expressed in 12-h (light vs dark) or 6-h periods as well as by fitting cyclic models. Activity means were transformed to log base 2 to lessen heterogeneity of variance within lines. Heat loss for a 15-h period beginning at 1630 and feed intake for 7 d were measured on 74 additional mice in order to estimate the relationship between locomotor activity and heat loss or feed intake. Selection lines were different (P < 0.01) for both locomotor activity and core body temperature. Differences were due to

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locomotor activity, core body temperature, and circadian rhythms in mice selected for high or low heat loss.

Mousel

Stroup

Nielsen

2001

Journal of Animal Science

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“…The value of 23.7 represents the caloric values (kilojoules) per gram of body protein (ARC, 1981). Energy retention as fat (ER f ) was calculated from ER and ER p as described by Henken et al (1991):…”

Section: Experimental Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backtest type and housing condition of pigs influence energy metabolism1

Geverink

Heetkamp

Schouten

et al. 2004

Journal of Animal Science

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The behavioral response of piglets in a backtest early in life seems indicative of their coping strategy at a later age. Coping characteristics may depend on the interaction between backtest classification and housing conditions. We studied whether growth rate and partitioning of energy in adult gilts were related to response in the backtest early in life, and to housing in groups or individual stalls. During the suckling period, female piglets were subjected to the backtest. Each piglet was restrained on its back for 1 min, and the number of escape attempts was scored. Thirty-six high-resisting gilts and 36 low-resisting gilts were selected. After weaning, pigs were housed in 12 groups of six (three high-resisting and three low-resisting). From 7 mo of age onward, 36 gilts out of six groups were housed in individual stalls, whereas the other gilts remained group housed. At 13 mo of age, gilts were housed in clusters of three (three high-resisting or three low-resisting) for an experimental period of 7 d in climatic respiration chambers. Group-housed gilts were loose housed, and stall-housed gilts were housed in stalls within the chamber. Despite the fact that high-resisting and low-resisting gilts did not differ (P = 0.269) in initial BW, low-resisting gilts showed a higher (P = 0.039) ADG during the experimental period in association with a higher (P = 0.043) energy metabolizability. This suggests that, in line with the theory on coping strategies, high-resisting gilts may have more difficulties in adapting to a change in environment, (i.e., the change from home pen to climatic chamber). Group- and stall-housed gilts differed (P = 0.001) in initial BW, with group-housed gilts being heavier. During the experimental period, stall-housed gilts showed lower energy metabolizability (P = 0.001), lower energy retention (P = 0.001), and a higher energy requirement for maintenance (P = 0.001) due to a higher activity-related heat production (P = 0.001). This finding suggests that stall housing might have a negative influence on performance and partitioning of energy when animals are adapting to a change in their environment.

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“…Such differences are more pronounced between European crossbred and Meishan breeds (Lepron et al, 2007), although some smaller differences appear to exist between European crossbreeds (Henken et al, 1991). These differences can be accounted for by differences in activity, as Meishan pigs are more docile and tend to spend more time lying and have less involvement in aggressive behaviours (Lepron et al, 2007).…”

Section: Pigsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Opportunities to improve nutrient efficiency in pigs and poultry through breeding

Kyriazakis

2011

Animal

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Efficiency of food and nutrient (including energy) use are considered the key factors in the economic and environmental performance of livestock systems. The aim of this paper is to consider the basis of genetic variation in the components that constitute dietary nutrient efficiency; and to conclude whether there would be benefit, in any relevant terms, in including these components in breeding programmes that aim to improve nutrient efficiency within pig and poultry systems of production. The components considered are (i) external, pre-ingestion losses, such as food spillage and its relation to feeding behaviour traits, (ii) digestive efficiency, (iii) maintenance requirements, (iv) net efficiency of energy and nutrient utilisation and (v) partitioning of scarce resources within productive and between productive and fitness functions. It is concluded that opportunities to exploit genetic variation exist mainly in the potential to improve the digestive efficiency of pigs and to reduce the maintenance requirements for resources mainly in hens, but also potentially in pigs. Current evidence suggests that there are very weak genetic and phenotypic correlations between components of feeding behaviour and productive traits, and little genetic variation in the net efficiency of nutrient utilisation among poultry and pig genotypes. The implication of the latter is that there would be little exploitable genetic variation in the partitioning of scarce nutrients between productive functions. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of the genetic basis of the partitioning of scarce nutrients between productive and fitness functions, and how this may impact upon the efficiency of nutrient use in pig and poultry systems. This is an area of research to which further effort might usefully be devoted.

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Difference in energy metabolism and protein retention of limit-fed growing pigs of several breeds.

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Locomotor activity, core body temperature, and circadian rhythms in mice selected for high or low heat loss.

Locomotor activity, core body temperature, and circadian rhythms in mice selected for high or low heat loss.

Backtest type and housing condition of pigs influence energy metabolism1

Opportunities to improve nutrient efficiency in pigs and poultry through breeding

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