Difference between self-reported adherence to standard precautions and surveillance and factors influencing observed adherence: a quantile regression approach

Abstract

Background Standard precautions are minimum healthcare-associated infection prevention practices applied in all healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to investigate adherence to standard precautions using a survey and surveillance. Factors affecting observed adherence to standard precautions were also determined. Methods This cross-sectional observational study included 163 clinical nurses who were directly involved in patient care. Differences in adherence according to investigative methods are represented as a boxplot. Quantile regression was used to identify factors affecting observed adherence, including organizational factors (such as department, safety environment, and patient safety climate) and personal factors (such as knowledge and awareness). Stata SE version 14.2 was used for all statistical analyses. Results The observed adherence to standard precautions was 76.8 out of 100, whereas the self-reported adherence was approximately 95. Hand hygiene adherence received the lowest score of less than 70. Factors influencing observed adherence were self-reported adherence (p = 0.043) in 25% and 50% quantiles, work experience (p = 0.002) in the 25% quantile, and working department (p = 0.030) in the 50% quantile. There were no significant factors in the 75% quantile. Conclusion Inadequate adherence to standard precautions might increase healthcare-associated infections. Thus, an organizational environment such as nurse staffing needs to be established so that clinical nurses with high competency can comply with standard precautions in clinical settings.

RETRACTED: Safety climate, quality of care, adherence to and compliance with standard precautions among nurses: Structural equation modeling

“…However, nurses from some Asian countries adhere to and comply with SPs suboptimally. For instance, suboptimal compliance of nurses was reported in Hong Kong (46%; Wong et al, 2021), Malaysia (63.7%; Mohamad et al, 2022), the Philippines (78.2%; Berdida, 2023), and Singapore (76.68%; Lim et al, 2021), while poor adherence to SPs in South Korea (Kim & Lee, 2022). Similarly, a…”

“…However, nurses from some Asian countries adhere to and comply with SPs suboptimally. For instance, suboptimal compliance of nurses was reported in Hong Kong (46%; Wong et al., 2021), Malaysia (63.7%; Mohamad et al., 2022), the Philippines (78.2%; Berdida, 2023), and Singapore (76.68%; Lim et al., 2021), while poor adherence to SPs in South Korea (Kim & Lee, 2022). Similarly, a scoping review of 17 studies (McCauley et al., 2021) discovered that missed nursing care during infection prevention and control is the same as noncompliance with infection prevention and control guidelines.…”

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“…In Hong Kong, healthcare workers' compliance with infection control and prevention was low during patient care (54%) and invasive procedures (46%) (Wong et al, 2021), while Malaysian healthcare workers' compliance was 63.7% (Mohamad et al, 2022). South Korean nurses reported a 76.8% observed adherence to SPs (Kim & Lee, 2022). Similarly, suboptimal compliance with SPs was reported among nurses in Brazil (69.4%), Hong Kong (57.45%) (Pereira et al, 2015), and Singapore (76.68%) (Lim et al, 2021).…”

Compliance with the five moments for hand hygiene of healthcare workers in a pediatric hospital. A prospective observational study

“…It can be performed by observation, surveillance, and selfadministered surveys. One study found that the percentage of compliance by observation was 76.8%, while in a survey, it was 95% in the same participants (8). According to the WHO, observation is the gold standard for evaluation (12).…”