Diets of Young King and Spanish Mackerel Off the Southeast United States

Finucane, John H.; Grimes, Churchill B.; Naughton, Steven P.

doi:10.18785/negs.1102.07

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Two species of Australian Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson and S. queenslandicus larvae were reported to prey mainly on appendicularians and fish larvae.5) Major food items of Atlantic Spanish mackerel S. maculatus and king mackerel S. cavalla larvae consisted primarily of Carangid and Sciaenid fish larvae. 6) Evidences of piscivorous habits of marine fish larvae have been reported in other scombrid species such as skip jack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis,13,14) southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoi,14) and common mackerels Scomber scorn bus and S. japonicus.11,16) In these species however, pis civorous habits appear to develop at a more advanced stage of development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Piscivorous Habits of Spanish Mackerel Larvae in the Seto Inland Sea

Shoji

Kishida²,

Tanaka

1997

Fisheries science

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The stomach contents of 100 yolk-sac larvae and 376 larvae of Spanish mackerel collected in the Seto Inland Sea from 1981-1983 were examined. Standard lengths (SL) of prey animals were back-calcu lated from their body heights (BH).Late stage yolk-sac larvae with eye pigmentation had jaw teeth and gastric blind-sac, and some of them had already initiated feeding. Stomach contents of larvae consisted primarily of fish larvae, though invertebrate zooplanktons were observed in some early stage larvae. Main prey of Spanish mack erel larvae were larval Clupeiformes, 21% being Japanese anchovy (93% of identified Clupeiformes).The ratios of head length (HL), upper jaw length (UJL), and body height (BH) to SL of Spanish mackerel larvae increased as larval size increased until 11 mm SL, then remained constant. The back-cal culated maximum size and the size range of Japanese anchovy larvae eaten by Spanish mackerel larvae increased until 12mm SL. Spanish mackerel larvae larger than 12mm SL fed on 8-12 mm SL Japanese anchovy larvae.The feeding incidence was high for early larval stages: 66,84, and 92% in 4-5, 5-6, and 6-7mm SL larvae, respectively. These results suggest that Spanish mackerel larvae collected in the Seto Inland Sea actively fed mainly on fish larvae from the first feeding stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Piscivorous Habits of Spanish Mackerel Larvae in the Seto Inland Sea

Shoji

Kishida²,

Tanaka

1997

Fisheries science

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“…An early feeding shift from planktivory to piscivory increases larval growth-rate and reduces stage duration of the larval period which is most vulnerable to mortality through the life stages (Houde, 1989). Among scombrids, extremely high growth-rates (DeVries et al, 1990) with strong piscivory (Jenkins et al, 1984;Finucane et al, 1990) have been reported in larvae of Scomberomorus ¢sh. Feeding consistently on piscine prey can provide larvae with rapid growth whereas larvae can be exposed to a higher vulnerability to starvation-related mortality since encounter rates with piscine prey are much lower than those of other larvae that feed on zooplankton prey (Margulies, 1993;Shoji et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

larval growth and mortality of japanese spanish mackerel (scomberomorus niphonius) in the central seto inland sea, japan

Shoji

Maehara²,

Tanaka

2005

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Growth and mortality rates of larval Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) were estimated by using otolith daily increments in 1997 and 1998 in the Sea of Hiuchi, central Seto Inland Sea. There was no day^night di¡erence in the abundance and size-distribution of S. niphonius larvae in the 3^10 mm sizeclasses, indicating the larvae were e⁄ciently collected by the larva-net used for sampling (1.3 m mouth diameter, 0.5 mm mesh). Mean absolute growth rate (0.748 mm d 71 in 1997, 0.821mm d 71 in 1998), weight speci¢c growth coe⁄cient (G: 0.402 in 1997, 0.444 in 1998) and mortality coe⁄cient (M: 0.784 in 1997 and 0.625 in 1998) were among the highest reported for marine ¢sh larvae. Scomberomorus niphonius seems to have evolved survival strategies characterized by fast growth with strong piscivory that can reduce duration of the larval period with the high mortality. In 1997, spatial distribution of the larvae was not well corresponded to that of their prey, clupeid larvae, and the larval feeding incidence was lower than in 1998. Recruitment potential assessed by examining the ratio of G:M was lower in 1997 (0.513 in 1997, 0.711 in 1998) due to the lower G and higher M values. Prey ¢sh availability may be one of the important determinants for the recruitment potential by controlling the larval mortality due to starvation and/or starvation-related predation.

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“…Studies on the early growth and feeding habits of Scomberomorus have been done in Australian waters,9) off the Atlantic coast in U. S., and Gulf of Mexico. [5][6][7]10,11) in the Seto Inland Sea, the spawning ground of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, most of previous biological studies have focused on biology of adult fish,12-19) although preliminary information has been reported on distribution20) and food habits21) of the larvae. Kishida22) reported that the larval survival rate of Japanese Spanish mackerel varied between years and that year-class strength seemed to be determined during the lar val period.…”

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confidence: 99%