Diethyl fumarate dimethyl formamide solution for high dose dosimetry

Zayzafoon, G.; Alkassiri, H.

doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.05.017

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…The most studied reactions were isomerization [ 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ] and cycloadditions of fumarate, because the 1,2-disubstituted ethylene moiety could be polymerized in the solid-state and in solution but at lower polymerization rates than acetylene, dienes, or vinyl monomers. Fumaric acid derivatives could be transformed by photo [ 56 , 57 , 58 ], microwave [ 59 ], thermal [ 60 ], and γ-ray induced polymerizations [ 61 , 62 ], but the polymerization of self-assembled fumaramide molecules in the gel state has not yet been described. Of the above examples, it was deemed necessary to highlight the pioneering research reported by the Feringa group on photopolymerizable organogelators, based on (1 R ,2 R )- trans -1,2-bis(ureido)cyclohexane: i.e., the formation of highly stable organogels with a transcription of the gel network into the polymer [ 40 ], the gel stabilization by the polymerization of low-molecular-mass gelators with diyne functional groups, [ 43 ] and the stabilization of organogels by click chemistry polymerization in a supramolecular environment [ 63 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Radiation- and Ultraviolet-Induced Polymerization of Bis(amino acid)fumaramide Gel Assemblies

et al. 2022

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Controlling the polymerization of supramolecular self-assembly through external stimuli holds great potential for the development of responsive soft materials and manipulation at the nanoscale. Vinyl esters of bis(leu or val)fumaramide (1a and 2a) have been found to be gelators of various organic solvents and were applied in this investigation of the influence of organogelators’ self-assembly on solid-state polymerization induced by gamma and ultraviolet irradiation. Here, we report our investigation into the influences of self-assemblies of bis(amino acid vinyl ester)fumaramides on gamma-ray- and ultraviolet-induced polymerization. The gelator molecules self-assembled by non-covalent interactions, mainly through hydrogen bonds between the amide group (CONH) and the carboxyl group (COO), thus forming a gel network. NMR and FTIR spectroscopy were used to investigate and characterize supramolecular gels. TEM and SEM microscopy were used to investigate the morphology of gels and polymers. Morphology studies showed that the gels contained a filamentous structure of nanometer dimensions that was exhaustive in a three-dimensional network. The prepared derivatives contained reactive alkyl groups suitable for carrying out the polymerization reaction initiated by gamma or ultraviolet radiation in the supramolecular aggregates of selected gels. It was found that the polymerization reaction occurred only in the network of the gel and was dependent on the structure of aggregates or the proximity and orientation of double bonds in the gel network. Polymers were formed by the gels exposure to gamma and ultraviolet radiation in toluene, and water/DMF gels with transcripts of their gel structure into polymers. The polymeric material was able to immobilize various solvents by swelling. Furthermore, methyl esters of bis(leu and val)fumaramide (1b and 2b) were synthesized; these compounds showed no gelling properties, and the crystal structure of the valine derivative 2b was determined.

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