Dietary Wine Phenolics Catechin, Quercetin, and Resveratrol Efficiently Protect Hypercholesterolemic Hamsters against Aortic Fatty Streak Accumulation

Abstract

The effects of the phenolic compounds catechin (Cat), quercetin (Qer), and resveratrol (Res) present in red wine on early atherosclerosis were studied in hamsters. Hamsters (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups of 8 and fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. They received by force-feeding 7.14 mL/(kg of body wt.day) Cat, Qer, or Res in water [2.856 mg/(kg of body wt.day) for Cat and 0.1428 mg/(kg of body wt.dday) for Qer and Res], mimicking a moderate consumption of alcohol-free red wine (equivalent to that supplied by the consumption of about two glasses of red wine per meal for a 70 kg human), or water as control. Plasma cholesterol concentration was lower in groups that consumed phenolics than in controls. The increase in plasma apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 concentration was mainly due to Cat (26%) and Qer (22%) and to a lesser extent, but nonsignificantly, Res (19%). Apo-B was not affected. Plasma antioxidant capacity was not improved, and there was no sparing effect on plasma vitamins A and E. Plasma iron and copper concentrations were not modified nor were liver super oxide dismutase and catalase activities. A sparing effect of Qer on liver glutathione peroxidase activity appeared, whereas Cat and Res exhibited a smaller effect. Aortic fatty streak area was significantly reduced in the groups receiving Cat (84%) or Qer (80%) or Res (76%) in comparison with the controls. These findings demonstrate that catechin, quercetin, and resveratrol at nutritional doses prevent the development of atherosclerosis through several indirect mechanisms.

Hypocholesterolemic effects of Auricularia auricula ethanol extract in ICR mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet

“…Oral administration of AAE (150 mg/kg/d bw) had a distinct cholesterol- Table 2 Table 2 lowering effect by decreasing the levels of serum TC, hepatic TC and TG, accordingly reduced the risk of CHD. Similar cholesterol-lowering results had been previously reported in many polyphenolic compounds from different plant foods (Auger et al 2005;Suzuki et al 2005). AI has direct correlation with the cardiovascular disease.…”

Resveratrol ameliorates high-glucose-induced hyperpermeability mediated by caveolae via VEGF/KDR pathway

“…It is well established that RSV is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although its effect on endothelial hyperpermeability was rarely reported, RSV was shown to inhibit accumulation of fatty streak, the first grossly visible lesion in the development of atherosclerosis (Auger et al 2005). In the present study, RSV co-incubation was observed to ameliorate the high-glucose-induced hyperpermeability in aortic endothelial monolayer cells.…”

Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Grape Juices: A Chemical and Sensory View

“…Prodelphinidins are only present in grape skin and their monomers are [(+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin units] ( Figure 3). Proanthocyanidins (procyanidins and prodelphinidins) are the major phenolic compounds in grape seed and skins [39], about 60-70% of total polyphenols are stored in grape seeds [40][41][42]. According to several published works [43,44], on average and on the basis of fresh weight, the concentrations of proanthocyanidins are as follows: total monomers ((+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin), 2-12 mg/g in seeds and 0.1-0.7 mg/g in skins; total oligomers, 19-43 mg/g in seeds and 0.8-3.5 mg/g in skins and total polymers, 45-78 mg/g in seeds and 2-21 mg/g in skins.…”