“…[ 28 – 30 , 36 , 40 ] Five studies included individuals who smoked, [ 30 , 35 , 36 , 41 , 42 ] and 4 studies included non-smokers. [ 29 , 30 , 39 , 41 ] In terms of the pathological type, 5 studies reported on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), [ 27 , 29 , 30 , 41 , 42 ] 3 studies reported on small cell lung cancer (SCLC), [ 27 , 41 , 42 ] 4 studies reported on adenocarcinoma, [ 27 , 29 , 41 , 42 ] and 3 studies reported on squamous carcinoma. [ 27 , 41 , 42 ] In addition, 5 studies investigated the association between the vitamin D level and the risk of lung cancer in women, [ 29 , 37 , 39 – 41 ] and 3 studies evaluated this association in men.…”