Dietary Vitamin A, Carotene, Vitamin C and Risk of Lung Cancer in Hawaii

Hinds, M W; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Hankin, Jean H.; Lee, James

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113741

Cited by 163 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Several carotenoids have been found to be protective against lung cancer in epidemiologic studies (52)(53)(54), though intervention trials using beta-carotene in heavy smokers (55,56) and physicians (57) have shown no benefit, and possible harmful effects. The variations among the ethnic groups in their intake of the different carotenoids might enable us to identify which, if any, of these constituents has a beneficial effect on lung cancer risk, and why intake of fruits and vegetables shows a consistent inverse association with the risk of this cancer (58).…”

Section: Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: Baseline Characteristics

Kolonel

Henderson

Hankin

et al. 2000

American Journal of Epidemiology

870

1,002

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The authors describe the design and implementation of a large multiethnic cohort established to study diet and cancer in the United States. They detail the source of the subjects, sample size, questionnaire development, pilot work, and approaches to future analyses. The cohort consists of 215,251 adult men and women (age 45-75 years at baseline) living in Hawaii and in California (primarily Los Angeles County) with the following ethnic distribution: African-American (16.3%), Latino (22.0%), Japanese-American (26.4%), Native Hawaiian (6.5%), White (22.9%), and other ancestry (5.8%). From 1993 to 1996, participants entered the cohort by completing a 26-page, self-administered mail questionnaire that elicited a quantitative food frequency history, along with demographic and other information. Response rates ranged from 20% in Latinos to 49% in Japanese-Americans. As expected, both within and among ethnic groups, the questionnaire data show substantial variations in dietary intakes (nutrients as well as foods) and in the distributions of non-dietary risk factors (including smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and physical activity). When compared with corresponding ethnic-specific cancer incidence rates, the findings provide tentative support for several current dietary hypotheses. As sufficient numbers of cancer cases are identified through surveillance of the cohort, dietary and other hypotheses will be tested in prospective analyses. Keywords alcohol drinking; cohort studies; diet; ethnic groups; obesity; physical fitness; prospective studies; smoking Ethnic minorities in the United States have not been well represented in epidemiologic research on diet and cancer, especially in prospective cohort studies. Thus, little is known about the relation of dietary factors to cancer risk in these groups. Furthermore, while diet and other external factors are the predominant determinants of cancer risk in all these groups (1), the extent to which environmental exposures explain interethnic differences in incidence Reprint requests to Dr. Laurence Kolonel, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, 1236 Lauhala Street, Honolulu, HI 96813. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript is not known. By including a variety of ethnic groups within a single study, and by using a common data collection methodology in all groups, interethnic comparisons of exposuredisease relations can readily be made.Hawaii has long presented special opportunities for epidemiologic research because of its diverse ethnic/cultural environment. Over the past two decades, the Los Angeles basin has also attracted large ethnic populations, including a variety of groups from Asia, and Latino migrants from Mexico and Central and South America. Together, these two areas now provide an unmatched resource for epidemiologic initiatives.Recognizing the need for dietary studies of ethnic minorities in the United States, the unique opportunities offered by Hawaii and southern California for conducting cross-ethnic a...

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Section: Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: Baseline Characteristics

Kolonel

Henderson

Hankin

et al. 2000

American Journal of Epidemiology

870

1,002

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“…Since then, there were many epidemiological studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] which have shown similar results such high dietary -carotene consumption from foods was a protective factor for certain types of cancer.…”

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confidence: 97%

Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cancer Death Rates in the Residents, Living in a Rural Area of Hokkaido, Japan

Ito

Suzuki

Yagyu

et al. 1997

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…In addition, folate supplementation has recently come under increased scrutiny given its effect on aggressive polyp formation in subjects at risk of colon cancer (23). Although there is information on possible mechanisms of these vitamins' effect on cancer (15,(24)(25)(26), epidemiologic studies in lung cancer have been mixed (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). A pooled analysis found no association with lung cancer and multivitamins, and total vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate, but had limited ability to detect an association with supplements (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Use of Supplemental Multivitamins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Folate Does Not Reduce the Risk of Lung Cancer

Slatore¹,

Littman²,

Au³

et al. 2008

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

108

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Rationale: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. Although supplements are used by half the population, limited information is available about their specific effect on lung cancer risk. Objectives: To explore the association of supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate with incident lung cancer. Methods: Prospective cohort of 77,721 men and women aged 50-76 years from Washington State in the VITAL (VITamins And Lifestyle) study. Cases were identified through the Seattle-Puget Sound SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) cancer registry. Measurements and Main Results: Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident lung cancer according to 10-year average daily use of supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate. A total of 521 cases of lung cancer were identified. Adjusting for smoking, age, and sex, there was no inverse association with any supplement. Supplemental vitamin E was associated with a small increased risk of lung cancer (HR, 1.05 for every 100-mg/d increase in dose; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.09; P 5 0.033). This risk of supplemental vitamin E was largely confined to current smokers (HR, 1.11 for every 100-mg/d increase; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19; P , 0.01) and was greatest for non-small cell lung cancer (HR, 1.07 for every 100-mg/d increase; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12; P 5 0.004). Conclusions: Supplemental multivitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate were not associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer. Supplemental vitamin E was associated with a small increased risk. Patients should be counseled against using these supplements to prevent lung cancer.

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Dietary Vitamin A, Carotene, Vitamin C and Risk of Lung Cancer in Hawaii

Cited by 163 publications

References 0 publications

A Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: Baseline Characteristics

A Multiethnic Cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles: Baseline Characteristics

Relationship Between Serum Carotenoid Levels and Cancer Death Rates in the Residents, Living in a Rural Area of Hokkaido, Japan

Long-Term Use of Supplemental Multivitamins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Folate Does Not Reduce the Risk of Lung Cancer

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