Dietary Valine Requirement of FingerlingCatla catla

Abstract

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary valine requirement of fingerling Catla catla (3.50 ± 0.15 cm, 0.63 ± 0.04 g). Seven casein gelatin-based diets (33% crude protein; 3.34 kcal/g digestible energy) containing graded levels of valine (0.51%, 0.69%, 0.91%, 1.12%, 1.31%, 1.49%, 1.71% dry diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation at 08:00, 12:30, and 17:30 h. Absolute weight gain (AWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR%), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV), valine retention efficiency (VRE), valine gain (VG), energy retention efficiency (ERE), and carcass protein improved significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing concentrations of dietary valine from 0.51% to 1.12%. Quadratic regression analysis of AWG, PPV, DPD, VG, ERE, and carcass protein at 95% maximum (Y 95%max ) response against varying levels of dietary valine yielded the requirement at 1.04%, 1.03%, 1.05%, 1.04%, 1.01%, and 0.98% of dry diet, respectively. It is recommended that inclusion of valine at 1.02% of dry diet, corresponding to 3.09% of dietary protein, is optimum in formulating valine-balanced feeds for fingerling C. catla.

Dietary valine requirement of juvenile Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

“…This speculation is supported by our data showing that PER and PRE in the juvenile tilapia fed diets with valine levels of 15.6 g/kg or 18.8 g/kg were slightly lower than in fish fed with the valine level of 12.7 g/kg. Also, the leucine and isoleucine contents of fish muscle were not affected by the varying the concentrations of dietary valine, similar to feeding trials with fingerling catla (Zehra & Khan, ), indicating the absence of antagonism among the branched‐chain amino acids in fish fed diets containing variable levels of valine. In addition, the moisture, lipid and ash contents of sampled juveniles showed no change in relation to dietary valine level, similar to the data reported for blunt snout bream (Ren et al., ).…”

“…The broken‐line regression relationship between WG and dietary valine level indicated an optimum valine requirement for Nile tilapia juveniles at 11.5 g/kg of dry diet, equivalent to 41.1 g/kg of dietary protein, which is higher than the dietary valine values reported for blunt snout bream (38.8 g/kg of dietary protein; Ren et al., ), Catla catla (30.9 g/kg of dietary protein; Zehra & Khan, ), mrigal carp (38.0 g/kg of dietary protein; Ahmed & Khan, ), Indian major carp ( Labeo rohita , 37.5 g/kg of dietary protein; Abidi & Khan, ), Jian carp (40.0 g/kg of dietary protein; Dong et al., ), red sea bream (20.0 g/kg of dietary protein; Rahimnejad & Lee, ) and lake trout ( Ictalurus punctatus , 29.6 g/kg of dietary protein; Hughes, Rumsey, & Nesheim, ), but lower than the value reported for grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella , 47.7 g/kg of dietary protein; Luo et al., ). Together, these data suggest substantial variation in the optimal valine requirement among different fish species.…”

“…Compared with Nile tilapia in the 1980s, the growth performance of tilapia in this study appears to have been significantly improved through decades of continuous selective breeding (Li et al., ), eventually incurring a significant incremental demand for EAAs in the tilapia (Gan, Zhou, Li, & Yue, ; Michelato et al., ). Otherwise, the divergence between the studies may be due to differences in dietary amino acid composition in diets (Zehra & Khan, ). Furthermore, dissimilar culture conditions, feeding frequency adopted, different developmental stages, dietary protein sources and concentrations may also explain the variable results (Abidi & Khan, ; Yue et al., ).…”

Dietary valine requirement of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephalaYih, 1955)

“…Meanwhile, no negative effects on growth performance were found in juvenile fish fed with excessive valine diets. Similarly, leucine and isoleucine contents in fingerling calta were not affected by dietary valine levels (Zehra and Khan, ). In rainbow trout, a 9.2% leucine level in a diet did not reduce the growth performance, nor were valine and isoleucine levels depressed even with excessive (13.4%) dietary leucine (Choo et al., ).…”

Dietary leucine level affects growth performance, whole body composition, plasma parameters and relative expression of TOR and TNF-ɑ in juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala

“…On the contrary, no antagonistic effects of excess leucine on the other BCAAs were found in fingerling channel catfish (Robinson et al, 1984) and rainbow trout (Rodehutscord et al, 1997). Leucine and isoleucine contents of whole body in fingerling calta were not affected by dietary valine levels (Zehra and Khan, 2014b). In rainbow trout, even 13.4% dietary leucine level did not depress valine and isoleucine concentrations in plasma, liver and muscle (Choo et al, 1991).…”