Dietary tryptophan supplementation induces a transient immune enhancement of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed fishmeal-free diets

Ramos-Pinto, L.; Martos-Sitcha, Juan Antonio; Reis, Bruno; Azeredo, Rita; Fernández-Boo, Sergio; Calduch-Giner, Josep Àlvar; Engrola, Sofía; Conceição, Luı́s E.C.; Dias, Jorge; Silva, Tomé S.; Costas, Benjamín

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.033

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(50 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the effects of this phytogenic feed additive still needs to be explored in terms of local immune response, especially at the intestinal level, since optimal health and functionality of the intestinal mucosa is essential for sustainable animal production (19,20). This is of special relevance under the current scenario in which aquafeeds are formulated with low levels of fishmeal (FM) (21), since several studies have indicated that low FM diets compromised systemic immunity (22)(23)(24)(25), as well as gut immune response (26,27). In this context, intestinal immunity is a key factor in maintaining the general health of aquatic animals (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plant Leaf Extract From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promotes Intestinal Immunity and Barrier Function in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inclusion of a medicinal plant leaf extract (MPLE) from sage (Salvia officinalis) and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid, was evaluated in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a low fishmeal-based diet (48% crude protein, 17% crude fat, 21.7 MJ kg-1, 7% fishmeal, 15% fish oil) for 92 days. In particular, the study focused on the effect of these phytogenic compounds on the gut condition by analyzing the transcriptomic profiling (microarray analysis) and histological structure of the intestinal mucosa, as well as the histochemical properties of mucins stored in goblet cells. A total number of 506 differentially expressed genes (285 up- and 221 down-regulated) were found when comparing the transcriptomic profiling of the intestine from fish fed the control and MPLE diets. The gut transcripteractome revealed an expression profile that favored biological mechanisms associated to the 1) immune system, particularly involving T cell activation and differentiation, 2) gut integrity (i.e., adherens and tight junctions) and cellular proliferation, and 3) cellular proteolytic pathways. The histological analysis showed that the MPLE dietary supplementation promoted an increase in the number of intestinal goblet cells and modified the composition of mucins’ glycoproteins stored in goblet cells, with an increase in the staining intensity of neutral mucins, as well as in mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulfated glycoconjugates, particularly those rich in sialic acid residues. The integration of transcriptomic and histological results showed that the evaluated MPLE from sage and lemon verbena is responsible for the maintenance of intestinal health, supporting gut homeostasis and increasing the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, which suggests that this phytogenic may be considered as a promising sustainable functional additive for aquafeeds.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Plant Leaf Extract From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promotes Intestinal Immunity and Barrier Function in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(B) Heatmap representing the abundance distribution (Z-score) of the OTUs identified to be driving the separation by diet among all groups. -Pinto et al, 2019;Reis et al, 2021). Among these strategies, PAP and SCP are promising materials to develop future fish feeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reshaping of Gut Microbiota in Gilthead Sea Bream Fed Microbial and Processed Animal Proteins as the Main Dietary Protein Source

Solé-Jiménez¹,

Naya-Català²,

Piazzon³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study aimed to unravel the effects of partial (50%; 50LSAqua) and total (100%; 100LSAqua) replacement of fish meal (FM) by a commercial protein source (LSAqua SusPro) made of bacterial and processed animal proteins (PAP) in farmed juveniles of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The trial lasted 8 weeks, and the feasibility of replacement was assessed in terms of growth performance, histopathological scoring and composition of mucosal adherent microbiota from anterior intestine (AI). Specific growth rates (SGR) of 50LSAqua fish were undistinguishable from the CTRL group, whereas a slight but significant growth impairment was found with the total replacement. Histological signs of inflammation across the intestine were more evident at the highest level of FM replacement, and the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in stripped feces decreased in a dose dependent manner. Illumina sequencing of gut mucosal microbiota yielded a mean of 130,439 reads per sample assigned to 1,567 OTUs at 97% identity threshold. The bacterial richness was similar in all groups, but a significantly higher Simpson diversity index was found in 100LSAqua fish. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria were the most abundant in all groups, whereas Firmicutes decreased and Actinobacteria increased with the FM replacement. At a closer look, pro-inflammatory Gammaproteobacteria of the genus Psychrobacter, and Acinetobacter decreased with FM replacement, whereas the anti-inflammatory Paracoccus, Arthrobacter, and Actinomycetales increased, with a remarkable presence of the Propioniciclava genus in LSAqua groups. The inferred metagenome analysis suggested that these discriminant bacteria could be implicated in a counter-regulatory anti-inflammatory response. It also pointed to an over-representation of mucosal microbes that can potentially be involved in the natural production of antimicrobials in fish fed the experimental diets.

show abstract

“…In the present study, data from the analyzed responses of fish fed supplemented diets suggest that the effects of Thr, His, and Tau supplementation on fish immune system seem to be of an indirect nature, when compared with other EAAs previously studied such as tryptophan, methionine, or arginine [ 32 , 61 , 62 ], which present stronger and more direct effects. In a previous work where the effects of dietary tryptophan supplementation were also explored in gilthead seabream, only a transient immune enhancement was observed in fish fed an extreme formulation (no FM inclusion) over a short-term feeding period (two weeks), suggesting that these putative advantageous effects seem to disappear over a longer feeding period (13 weeks) [ 33 ]. The present study also underlines the fact that “feeding time”, besides “dosage”, seems to be a crucial factor in determining the AA efficacy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among Sparidae, the gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata , L.) is one of the main carnivorous farmed fish species in the Mediterranean region [ 31 ]. A sustainable and profitable aquaculture relies on the production of healthy fish, which requires balanced feeds manufactured with high-quality ingredients [ 32 , 33 ]. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of His, Thr, and Tau on gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) immune function when added as a supplement to a practical aquafeed formulation during a transient (two weeks) and short-term (four weeks) feeding period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Histidine, Threonine, or Taurine Supplementation Affects Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Immune Status

Ramos-Pinto

Machado

Calduch-Giner

et al. 2021

Animals

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AAs have become interesting feed ingredients to be used in functional fish feeds as not only are they protein building blocks, but they also participate in several other key metabolic processes. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics, hematology, and humoral immune parameters (plasma and skin mucus) were measured twice over the course of the feeding trial (four weeks). Plasma antiprotease activity increased in fish fed Thr compared to those fed the CTRL and Tau treatments, regardless of sampling time. The bactericidal activity in skin mucus decreased in fish fed Tau and His treatments compared to those fed the CTRL diet after two weeks. The membrane IgT (mIgT) was upregulated in fish fed Tau after four weeks, while C-type lectin domain family domain 10 member (clec10a) was downregulated in fish fed Thr after two weeks of feeding. By comparing the molecular signatures of head-kidney by means of a PLS-DA, it is possible to visualize that the main difference is between the two sampling points, regardless of diet. Altogether, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with these AAs at the tested levels causes mild immune-modulation effects in gilthead seabream, which should be further studied under disease challenge conditions.

show abstract

Dietary tryptophan supplementation induces a transient immune enhancement of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed fishmeal-free diets

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Medicinal Plant Leaf Extract From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promotes Intestinal Immunity and Barrier Function in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Medicinal Plant Leaf Extract From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promotes Intestinal Immunity and Barrier Function in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Reshaping of Gut Microbiota in Gilthead Sea Bream Fed Microbial and Processed Animal Proteins as the Main Dietary Protein Source

Dietary Histidine, Threonine, or Taurine Supplementation Affects Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Immune Status

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About